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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 34 Q4

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 34 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

Two particles AA and BB have masses kmkm and mm respectively. Particle AA is at rest on a smooth horizontal surface and is exactly halfway between two fixed parallel smooth vertical walls. Particle BB is moving on the surface with speed uu in a direction perpendicular to the walls, and collides directly with AA. The coefficient of restitution between the two particles is 0.20.2. As a result of the collision, the direction of motion of BB is reversed.

(a) Show that k>5k>5.

(3)

(b) Particle BB then collides with one of the vertical walls and rebounds. The coefficient of restitution between BB and the wall is 0.80.8. It then collides again with particle AA at the instant when AA collides with the other vertical wall.

Find the value of kk.

(3)
题目中文翻译

两个质点 AA 和 BB 的质量分别为 kmkm 和 mm。质点 AA 静止在一个光滑水平面上,且恰好位于两堵固定、平行、光滑的竖直墙壁的正中间。质点 BB 以速率 uu 在该平面上沿垂直于墙壁的方向运动,并与 AA 发生正碰。两质点之间的恢复系数为 0.20.2。碰撞使 BB 的运动方向反转。

(a) 证明 k>5k>5。

(3)

(b) 随后,质点 BB 与其中一堵竖直墙壁碰撞并弹回,BB 与墙壁之间的恢复系数为 0.80.8。接着,恰在 AA 与另一堵竖直墙壁碰撞的瞬间,BB 再次与质点 AA 碰撞。

求 kk 的值。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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沿 BB 原来的运动方向取正,给碰后的速度保留正负号。联立动量守恒和恢复定律后,用 BB 反向的条件求 kk 的范围。

答题过程

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Let vAv_A and vBv_B be the signed velocities after the first collision, with the initial direction of BB positive. Momentum conservation and restitution give

mu= kmvA+mvB,u= kvA+vB,vA−vB= 15u.\begin{align*} mu=&\,kmv_A+mv_B,\\[4mm] u=&\,kv_A+v_B,\\[4mm] v_A-v_B=&\,\frac15u. \end{align*}

Substituting vB=vA−u/5v_B=v_A-u/5 gives (k+1)vA=6u/5(k+1)v_A=6u/5. Therefore

vA= 6u5(k+1),vB= (5−k)u5(k+1).\begin{align*} v_A=&\,\frac{6u}{5(k+1)},\\[4mm] v_B=&\,\frac{(5-k)u}{5(k+1)}. \end{align*}

Since BB reverses, vB<0v_B<0. As u>0u>0 and k+1>0k+1>0, this requires k>5k>5.

(b)

解法一

思路

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把两墙到首次碰撞点的距离都记为 dd。AA 走 dd,BB 先退到一面墙再向另一面墙走 2d2d,把这两段时间相加。

答题过程

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Let w=−vB>0w=-v_B>0 be the speed of BB before it rebounds from the wall. Its speed after the rebound is 45w\frac45w. The time for AA to reach the opposite wall is d/vAd/v_A, while the time for BB to reach the same point is

dw+2d(4/5)w=7d2w.\frac{d}{w}+\frac{2d}{(4/5)w}=\frac{7d}{2w}.

Equating the times gives w/vA=7/2w/v_A=7/2. From part (a), w/vA=(k−5)/6w/v_A=(k-5)/6. Hence k−5=21k-5=21 and k=26k=26.