题目
Two particles and have masses and respectively. Particle is at rest on a smooth horizontal surface and is exactly halfway between two fixed parallel smooth vertical walls. Particle is moving on the surface with speed in a direction perpendicular to the walls, and collides directly with . The coefficient of restitution between the two particles is . As a result of the collision, the direction of motion of is reversed.
(a) Show that .
(b) Particle then collides with one of the vertical walls and rebounds. The coefficient of restitution between and the wall is . It then collides again with particle at the instant when collides with the other vertical wall.
Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
两个质点 和 的质量分别为 和 。质点 静止在一个光滑水平面上,且恰好位于两堵固定、平行、光滑的竖直墙壁的正中间。质点 以速率 在该平面上沿垂直于墙壁的方向运动,并与 发生正碰。两质点之间的恢复系数为 。碰撞使 的运动方向反转。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 随后,质点 与其中一堵竖直墙壁碰撞并弹回, 与墙壁之间的恢复系数为 。接着,恰在 与另一堵竖直墙壁碰撞的瞬间, 再次与质点 碰撞。
求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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沿 原来的运动方向取正,给碰后的速度保留正负号。联立动量守恒和恢复定律后,用 反向的条件求 的范围。
答题过程
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Let and be the signed velocities after the first collision, with the initial direction of positive. Momentum conservation and restitution give
Substituting gives . Therefore
Since reverses, . As and , this requires .
(b)
解法一
思路
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把两墙到首次碰撞点的距离都记为 。 走 , 先退到一面墙再向另一面墙走 ,把这两段时间相加。
答题过程
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Let be the speed of before it rebounds from the wall. Its speed after the rebound is . The time for to reach the opposite wall is , while the time for to reach the same point is
Equating the times gives . From part (a), . Hence and .