题目
The points and lie on the line of greatest slope of a smooth inclined plane, with above . The plane is inclined to the horizontal at an acute angle .
At time , a particle is projected from with speed at an angle to the plane and moves freely under gravity (see diagram). At the same time, a second particle is released from rest at . Particle moves down the plane along the line of greatest slope. The two particles move in the same vertical plane. At time , the two particles collide at point . The length of is .
(a) By considering the motion of particle , show that .
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
点 和 位于一个光滑斜面的最大坡度线上,且 位于 上方。斜面与水平面成锐角 。
在时刻 ,质点 从 以速率 、与斜面成 角被抛出,并只在重力作用下自由运动(见图)。同时,第二个质点 从 处由静止释放。质点 沿最大坡度线向斜面下方运动。两个质点在同一个竖直平面内运动。在时刻 ,两个质点在点 处发生碰撞。 的长度为 。
(a) 通过考虑质点 的运动,证明 。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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沿光滑斜面从静止开始做匀加速运动。取沿斜面向下为正,直接用位移公式。
答题过程
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The acceleration of along the plane is . From rest it travels distance in time , so . Hence
解法二
思路
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也可先由重力势能的减少求 到达 的速度,再用速度与时间的关系。
答题过程
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By conservation of energy the speed of at satisfies
Since the acceleration along the plane is and starts from rest,
(b)
解法一
思路
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根据图, 的发射方向在水平线上方 。先用水平位移消去 ,再把竖直位移与 的时间式联立。
答题过程
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Taking as the origin and the horizontal direction towards as positive, the displacement of at time is . Thus
Since , the first equation gives . Substitution in the second gives . Equating the two expressions for gives
Since is acute, .
解法二
思路
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也可沿斜面比较两个质点的位移。它们的沿斜面加速度相同、位移相同,因此沿斜面的初速度也相同。
答题过程
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Down the plane, both particles have acceleration . The initial component of velocity of in this direction is . Their displacements along the plane at collision are equal, so
As , . With , we obtain .
解法三
思路
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还可用抛物线轨迹方程,把 的水平和竖直坐标代入,再用共同的运动时间消去 。
答题过程
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The trajectory of in horizontal and vertical coordinates based at is
At , substituting and gives
The horizontal motion gives , and part (a) then gives . Substituting gives . Since , , so the acute angle is .