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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 34 Q6

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 34 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The points AA and BB lie on the line of greatest slope of a smooth inclined plane, with AA above BB. The plane is inclined to the horizontal at an acute angle α\alpha.

At time t=0t=0, a particle PP is projected from AA with speed uu at an angle 2α2\alpha to the plane and moves freely under gravity (see diagram). At the same time, a second particle QQ is released from rest at AA. Particle QQ moves down the plane along the line of greatest slope. The two particles move in the same vertical plane. At time t=Tt=T, the two particles collide at point BB. The length of ABAB is dd.

(a) By considering the motion of particle QQ, show that T=2dgsin⁡αT=\sqrt{\dfrac{2d}{g\sin\alpha}}.

(2)

(b) Find the value of α\alpha.

(5)
题目中文翻译

点 AA 和 BB 位于一个光滑斜面的最大坡度线上,且 AA 位于 BB 上方。斜面与水平面成锐角 α\alpha。

在时刻 t=0t=0,质点 PP 从 AA 以速率 uu、与斜面成 2α2\alpha 角被抛出,并只在重力作用下自由运动(见图)。同时,第二个质点 QQ 从 AA 处由静止释放。质点 QQ 沿最大坡度线向斜面下方运动。两个质点在同一个竖直平面内运动。在时刻 t=Tt=T,两个质点在点 BB 处发生碰撞。ABAB 的长度为 dd。

(a) 通过考虑质点 QQ 的运动,证明 T=2dgsin⁡αT=\sqrt{\dfrac{2d}{g\sin\alpha}}。

(2)

(b) 求 α\alpha 的值。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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QQ 沿光滑斜面从静止开始做匀加速运动。取沿斜面向下为正,直接用位移公式。

答题过程

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The acceleration of QQ along the plane is gsin⁡αg\sin\alpha. From rest it travels distance dd in time TT, so d=12gsin⁡α T2d=\frac12g\sin\alpha\,T^2. Hence

T=2dgsin⁡α.T=\sqrt{\frac{2d}{g\sin\alpha}}.

解法二

思路

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也可先由重力势能的减少求 QQ 到达 BB 的速度,再用速度与时间的关系。

答题过程

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By conservation of energy the speed VV of QQ at BB satisfies

12mV2=mgdsin⁡α.\frac12mV^2=mgd\sin\alpha.

Since the acceleration along the plane is gsin⁡αg\sin\alpha and QQ starts from rest,

T=Vgsin⁡α=2dgsin⁡α.T=\frac{V}{g\sin\alpha} =\sqrt{\frac{2d}{g\sin\alpha}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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根据图,PP 的发射方向在水平线上方 α\alpha。先用水平位移消去 uu,再把竖直位移与 QQ 的时间式联立。

答题过程

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Taking AA as the origin and the horizontal direction towards BB as positive, the displacement of PP at time TT is (dcos⁡α,−dsin⁡α)(d\cos\alpha,-d\sin\alpha). Thus

dcos⁡α= uTcos⁡α,−dsin⁡α= uTsin⁡α−12gT2.\begin{align*} d\cos\alpha=&\,uT\cos\alpha,\\[4mm] -d\sin\alpha=&\,uT\sin\alpha-\frac12gT^2. \end{align*}

Since cos⁡α>0\cos\alpha>0, the first equation gives uT=duT=d. Substitution in the second gives T2=4dsin⁡α/gT^2=4d\sin\alpha/g. Equating the two expressions for T2T^2 gives

4dsin⁡αg= 2dgsin⁡α,4sin⁡2α= 2,sin⁡2α= 12.\begin{align*} \frac{4d\sin\alpha}{g}=&\,\frac{2d}{g\sin\alpha},\\[4mm] 4\sin^2\alpha=&\,2,\\[4mm] \sin^2\alpha=&\,\frac12. \end{align*}

Since α\alpha is acute, α=45∘\alpha=45^\circ.

解法二

思路

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也可沿斜面比较两个质点的位移。它们的沿斜面加速度相同、位移相同,因此沿斜面的初速度也相同。

答题过程

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Down the plane, both particles have acceleration gsin⁡αg\sin\alpha. The initial component of velocity of PP in this direction is ucos⁡(2α)u\cos(2\alpha). Their displacements along the plane at collision are equal, so

uTcos⁡(2α)+12gT2sin⁡α=12gT2sin⁡α.uT\cos(2\alpha)+\frac12gT^2\sin\alpha =\frac12gT^2\sin\alpha.

As uT>0uT>0, cos⁡(2α)=0\cos(2\alpha)=0. With 0<2α<180∘0<2\alpha<180^\circ, we obtain α=45∘\alpha=45^\circ.

解法三

思路

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还可用抛物线轨迹方程,把 BB 的水平和竖直坐标代入,再用共同的运动时间消去 uu。

答题过程

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The trajectory of PP in horizontal and vertical coordinates based at AA is

y=xtan⁡α−gx22u2cos⁡2α.y=x\tan\alpha-\frac{gx^2}{2u^2\cos^2\alpha}.

At BB, substituting x=dcos⁡αx=d\cos\alpha and y=−dsin⁡αy=-d\sin\alpha gives

−dsin⁡α= dsin⁡α−gd22u2,gd22u2= 2dsin⁡α,gd= 4u2sin⁡α.\begin{align*} -d\sin\alpha=&\,d\sin\alpha-\frac{gd^2}{2u^2},\\[4mm] \frac{gd^2}{2u^2}=&\,2d\sin\alpha,\\[4mm] gd=&\,4u^2\sin\alpha. \end{align*}

The horizontal motion gives uT=duT=d, and part (a) then gives u2=gdsin⁡α/2u^2=gd\sin\alpha/2. Substituting gives gd=2gdsin⁡2αgd=2gd\sin^2\alpha. Since g,d>0g,d>0, 1=2sin⁡2α1=2\sin^2\alpha, so the acute angle is α=45∘\alpha=45^\circ.