题目
One end of a light elastic string of natural length and modulus of elasticity is attached to a fixed point on a rough plane. The plane is inclined at angle to the horizontal where . A particle of mass is attached to the other end of the string. The string lies along a line of greatest slope of the plane, with below the level of . The particle is held at a point such that the extension of the string is .
When is released from rest, its acceleration is in the direction .
(a) Find the coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane.
(b) In its subsequent motion, comes to rest at the point .
Find, in terms of , the distance .
题目中文翻译
一根自然长度为 、弹性模量为 的轻弹性绳的一端连接于粗糙斜面上的固定点 。斜面与水平面成 角,其中 。质量为 的质点 连接于绳的另一端。绳沿斜面的一条最大坡度线放置,且 位于 的下方。质点被保持在使绳的伸长量为 的位置。
当 从静止释放时,它的加速度大小为 ,方向为 。
(a) 求质点与斜面之间的摩擦系数。
(b) 在随后的运动中, 在点 处停止运动。
求距离 ,用 表示。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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释放时质点向 加速,开始沿斜面向上运动,所以摩擦力沿斜面向下。先求绳张力和支持力,再列沿斜面的方程。
答题过程
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At release the tension is . The normal reaction is . Resolving up the plane gives
Thus , so .
(b)
解法一
思路
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先假设第一次停止时绳仍绷紧,用能量方程检查这一假设是否可行。绳松弛后弹性势能为零,再求实际停止位置。
答题过程
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The combined magnitude of friction and the component of weight down the plane is
Let be the distance travelled up the plane from release. A stop with the string still taut would require and
After cancelling , this gives , or . This exceeds , so the particle passes the point where the string becomes slack before it stops. At the first stop, the entire initial elastic energy has been used against friction and gravity, giving
Thus , so is still below and .
解法二
思路
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也可直接算绳刚松弛时的动能。如果这一时刻质点仍在向上运动,随后只需算重力和摩擦力使它再走多远。
答题过程
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While the string is taut and the particle is moving up the plane, at distance its kinetic energy is
In particular the kinetic energy at is . After the string becomes slack, the retarding force is . The particle therefore travels an additional before stopping, giving