题目
A particle of mass is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length . The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point . The string is held taut with horizontal. The particle is projected vertically downwards with speed and starts to move in a vertical circle. passes through the lowest point of the circle and reaches the point where makes an angle with the downward vertical. At the speed of is and the tension in the string is .
(a) Find the value of and the value of .
At the particle becomes detached from the string.
(b) In the subsequent motion, find the greatest height reached by above the level of the lowest point of the circle.
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点 连接在一根长为 的轻质不可伸长细绳的一端。细绳的另一端连接在固定点 。保持细绳绷紧,且 水平。质点 以速率 竖直向下射出,并开始在竖直圆周上运动。 经过圆周的最低点,到达点 ,其中 与竖直向下方向的夹角为 。在 点, 的速率为 ,细绳中的张力为 。
(a) 求 的值和 的值。
在 点,质点 与细绳脱离。
(b) 在随后的运动中,求 相对于圆周最低点所在水平面所能达到的最大高度。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用初始点到 的高度下降量求速率平方。在 沿指向圆心的方向列式,将两个方程联立。
答题过程
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The drop from the initial horizontal radius to is . Energy conservation gives
At , gravity has an outward radial component , so
Dividing the energy equation by and the radial equation by gives and . Hence
Substituting gives .
(b)
解法一
思路
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脱离时速度沿切线,且质点越过最低点后正在上升。先算其竖直分量带来的额外上升高度,再加上 的高度。
答题过程
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The initial upward component after detachment is . At the highest point the vertical velocity is zero. If is the rise from , then
Point is already above the lowest point of the circle. The greatest height above that level is .