题目
A particle is projected with speed at an angle above the horizontal from a point on a horizontal plane. It then moves freely under gravity.
(a) Show that the total time of flight, in seconds, is .
A smooth vertical barrier is now inserted with its lower end on the plane at a distance from . The particle is projected as before but now strikes the barrier, rebounds and returns to . The coefficient of restitution between the barrier and the particle is .
(b) Explain why the total time of flight is unchanged.
(c) Find an expression for in terms of .
题目中文翻译
一个质点 从水平面上的点 以速率 、与水平向上成 角射出。随后,它仅在重力作用下自由运动。
(a) 证明总飞行时间为 秒。
现在放置一块光滑的竖直挡板,其下端位于该平面上,距 点 。质点按先前的方式射出,但现在撞上挡板,反弹并回到 。挡板与质点之间的恢复系数为 。
(b) 解释为什么总飞行时间保持不变。
(c) 求 用 表示的表达式。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用竖直位移等于零求回到地面所需的时间。舍去发射瞬间的零根。
答题过程
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The vertical displacement at time is . At landing it is zero. Factoring gives . Rejecting the launch time , the positive root is
(b)
解法一
思路
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光滑竖直墙的冲量为水平方向,所以碰撞只改变水平分量。竖直运动仍与无墙时相同。
答题过程
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The impact with the smooth vertical barrier changes only the horizontal velocity. The vertical velocity is continuous at impact and the vertical acceleration is still , so the particle returns to ground level at the same time as before.
(c)
解法一
思路
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将去墙和返回各自的水平距离除以对应的速率。两段时间之和等于 (a) 所得的飞行时间。
答题过程
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The outward horizontal speed is , and the return speed is . The total time is
Equating to the result of part (a) gives
Since , we have . Taking the positive root gives .