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CIE 9231 2022 November Paper 31 Q7

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2022 Nov Paper 31 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

A particle PP is projected with speed V m s−1V\text{ m s}^{-1} at an angle 75∘75^\circ above the horizontal from a point OO on a horizontal plane. It then moves freely under gravity.

(a) Show that the total time of flight, in seconds, is 2Vgsin⁡75∘\frac{2V}g\sin75^\circ.

(2)

A smooth vertical barrier is now inserted with its lower end on the plane at a distance 15 m15\text{ m} from OO. The particle is projected as before but now strikes the barrier, rebounds and returns to OO. The coefficient of restitution between the barrier and the particle is 35\frac35.

(b) Explain why the total time of flight is unchanged.

(1)

(c) Find an expression for VV in terms of gg.

(7)
题目中文翻译

一个质点 PP 从水平面上的点 OO 以速率 V m s−1V\text{ m s}^{-1}、与水平向上成 75∘75^\circ 角射出。随后,它仅在重力作用下自由运动。

(a) 证明总飞行时间为 2Vgsin⁡75∘\frac{2V}g\sin75^\circ 秒。

(2)

现在放置一块光滑的竖直挡板,其下端位于该平面上,距 OO 点 15 m15\text{ m}。质点按先前的方式射出,但现在撞上挡板,反弹并回到 OO。挡板与质点之间的恢复系数为 35\frac35。

(b) 解释为什么总飞行时间保持不变。

(1)

(c) 求 VV 用 gg 表示的表达式。

(7)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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用竖直位移等于零求回到地面所需的时间。舍去发射瞬间的零根。

答题过程

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The vertical displacement at time tt is Vtsin⁡75∘−12gt2Vt\sin75^\circ-\frac12gt^2. At landing it is zero. Factoring gives t(Vsin⁡75∘−gt/2)=0t(V\sin75^\circ-gt/2)=0. Rejecting the launch time t=0t=0, the positive root is

t=2Vgsin⁡75∘.t=\frac{2V}{g}\sin75^\circ.

(b)

解法一

思路

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光滑竖直墙的冲量为水平方向,所以碰撞只改变水平分量。竖直运动仍与无墙时相同。

答题过程

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The impact with the smooth vertical barrier changes only the horizontal velocity. The vertical velocity is continuous at impact and the vertical acceleration is still −g-g, so the particle returns to ground level at the same time as before.

(c)

解法一

思路

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将去墙和返回各自的水平距离除以对应的速率。两段时间之和等于 (a) 所得的飞行时间。

答题过程

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The outward horizontal speed is Vcos⁡75∘V\cos75^\circ, and the return speed is (3/5)Vcos⁡75∘(3/5)V\cos75^\circ. The total time is

ttotal= 15Vcos⁡75∘+15(3/5)Vcos⁡75∘= 15+25Vcos⁡75∘= 40Vcos⁡75∘.\begin{align*} t_{\mathrm{total}}=&\,\frac{15}{V\cos75^\circ} +\frac{15}{(3/5)V\cos75^\circ}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{15+25}{V\cos75^\circ}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{40}{V\cos75^\circ}. \end{align*}

Equating to the result of part (a) gives

40Vcos⁡75∘= 2Vgsin⁡75∘,V2sin⁡75∘cos⁡75∘= 20g,V2sin⁡150∘= 40g.\begin{align*} \frac{40}{V\cos75^\circ}=&\,\frac{2V}{g}\sin75^\circ,\\[4mm] V^2\sin75^\circ\cos75^\circ=&\,20g,\\[4mm] V^2\sin150^\circ=&\,40g. \end{align*}

Since sin⁡150∘=1/2\sin150^\circ=1/2, we have V2=80gV^2=80g. Taking the positive root gives V=45gV=4\sqrt{5g}.