题目
A light inextensible string is threaded through a fixed smooth ring which is at a height above a smooth horizontal surface. One end of the string is attached to a particle of mass . The other end of the string is attached to a particle of mass . The particle moves in a horizontal circle on the surface. The particle hangs in equilibrium below the ring and above the surface (see diagram).
When has constant angular speed , the angle between and is and the normal reaction between and the surface is .
When has constant angular speed , the angle between and is and the normal reaction between and the surface is .
(a) Show that .
(b) Find in terms of and and find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根轻质不可伸长细绳穿过固定的光滑圆环 ,圆环位于光滑水平面上方,高度为 。细绳的一端连接在质量为 的质点 上。细绳的另一端连接在质量为 的质点 上。质点 在该平面上做水平圆周运动。质点 悬挂在圆环下方、水平面上方,处于平衡状态(见图)。
当 以恒定角速率 运动时, 与 的夹角为 , 与水平面之间的法向反作用力为 。
当 以恒定角速率 运动时, 与 的夹角为 , 与水平面之间的法向反作用力为 。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 求 ,用 和 表示,并求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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悬挂粒子静止,因而两种情况下的绳张力相同。对桌面上的质点用半径 写向心力式,比较两个角速率。
答题过程
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The ring is smooth and is at rest, so the string tension is in both cases. The radii in the two cases are and . The first radial equation is
The cancellation is valid since . In the second case,
Comparing the two relations gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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两个情形的竖直加速度都为零,分别列出支持力和绳张力的竖直平衡式。用 (a) 消去 。
答题过程
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Vertical equilibrium for gives
Writing and using , the first equation gives . Substituting into the second gives
Thus , and .