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CIE 9231 2022 November Paper 32 Q7

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2022 Nov Paper 32 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Two uniform smooth spheres AA and BB of equal radii have masses mm and 12m\frac12m respectively. The two spheres are moving on a horizontal surface when they collide. Immediately before the collision, sphere AA is travelling with speed uu and its direction of motion makes an angle α\alpha with the line of centres. Sphere BB is travelling with speed 2u2u and its direction of motion makes an angle β\beta with the line of centres (see diagram). The coefficient of restitution between the spheres is 58\frac58 and α+β=90∘\alpha+\beta=90^\circ.

(a) Find the component of the velocity of BB parallel to the line of centres after the collision, giving your answer in terms of uu and α\alpha.

(4)

The direction of motion of BB after the collision is parallel to the direction of motion of AA before the collision.

(b) Find the value of tan⁡α\tan\alpha.

(5)
题目中文翻译

两个半径相同的均匀光滑球体 AA 和 BB 的质量分别为 mm 和 12m\frac12m。两球在水平面上运动并发生碰撞。在即将碰撞前,球体 AA 以速率 uu 运动,其运动方向与球心连线成 α\alpha 角。球体 BB 以速率 2u2u 运动,其运动方向与球心连线成 β\beta 角(见图)。两球之间的恢复系数为 58\frac58,且 α+β=90∘\alpha+\beta=90^\circ。

(a) 求碰撞后 BB 的速度在平行于球心连线方向上的分量,答案用 uu 和 α\alpha 表示。

(4)

碰撞后 BB 的运动方向与碰撞前 AA 的运动方向平行。

(b) 求 tan⁡α\tan\alpha 的值。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

沿球心连线从 AA 到 BB 取正。BB 碰前的沿线分量是负的,并利用 cos⁡β=sin⁡α\cos\beta=\sin\alpha。

答题过程

展开

Let v,wv,w be the signed parallel components of A,BA,B after impact. The initial components are ucos⁡αu\cos\alpha and −2ucos⁡β=−2usin⁡α-2u\cos\beta=-2u\sin\alpha. Momentum conservation and restitution give

mv+12mw= mucos⁡α−12m(2usin⁡α),v+12w= ucos⁡α−usin⁡α,w−v= 58u(cos⁡α+2sin⁡α).\begin{align*} mv+\frac12mw=&\,mu\cos\alpha-\frac12m(2u\sin\alpha),\\[4mm] v+\frac12w=&\,u\cos\alpha-u\sin\alpha,\\[4mm] w-v=&\,\frac58u(\cos\alpha+2\sin\alpha). \end{align*}

Adding the last two equations eliminates vv:

32w= u[(1+58)cos⁡α+(−1+108)sin⁡α]= u(138cos⁡α+14sin⁡α).\begin{align*} \frac32w=&\,u\bigg[\bigg(1+\frac58\bigg)\cos\alpha +\bigg(-1+\frac{10}{8}\bigg)\sin\alpha\bigg]\\[4mm] =&\,u\bigg(\frac{13}{8}\cos\alpha+\frac14\sin\alpha\bigg). \end{align*}

Multiplying by 2/32/3 gives

w=u12(13cos⁡α+2sin⁡α)w=\frac{u}{12}(13\cos\alpha+2\sin\alpha)

in the positive direction along the line of centres.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

BB 垂直于球心连线的分量保持不变。它的碰后方向与 AA 碰前方向平行,因此用 BB 碰后两个分量之比表示 tan⁡α\tan\alpha。

答题过程

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The perpendicular component of BB has magnitude 2usin⁡β=2ucos⁡α2u\sin\beta=2u\cos\alpha. By the parallel directions,

tan⁡α= 2ucos⁡αw= 24cos⁡α13cos⁡α+2sin⁡α= 2413+2tan⁡α.\begin{align*} \tan\alpha=&\,\frac{2u\cos\alpha}{w}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{24\cos\alpha}{13\cos\alpha+2\sin\alpha}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{24}{13+2\tan\alpha}. \end{align*}

Here cos⁡α>0\cos\alpha>0 since α\alpha is acute. Writing z=tan⁡αz=\tan\alpha gives z(13+2z)=24z(13+2z)=24, or

2z2+13z−24=(2z−3)(z+8)=0.2z^2+13z-24=(2z-3)(z+8)=0.

The angle is acute, so tan⁡α=3/2\tan\alpha=3/2.