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CIE 9231 2022 November Paper 33 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2022 Nov Paper 33 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A smooth cylinder is fixed to a rough horizontal surface with its axis of symmetry horizontal. A uniform rod ABAB, of length 4a4a and weight WW, rests against the surface of the cylinder. The end AA of the rod is in contact with the horizontal surface. The vertical plane containing the rod ABAB is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. The point of contact between the rod and the cylinder is CC, where AC=3aAC=3a. The angle between the rod and the horizontal surface is θ\theta where tan⁡θ=34\tan\theta=\frac34 (see diagram). The coefficient of friction between the rod and the horizontal surface is 67\frac67.

A particle of weight kWkW is attached to the rod at BB. The rod is about to slip. The normal reaction between the rod and the cylinder is NN.

(a) Show that N=815W(1+2k)N=\frac8{15}W(1+2k).

(2)

(b) Find the value of kk.

(5)
题目中文翻译

一个光滑圆柱体固定在粗糙水平面上,其对称轴水平。一根长为 4a4a、重量为 WW 的均匀杆 ABAB 靠在圆柱体的表面上。杆的 AA 端与水平面接触。包含杆 ABAB 的竖直平面垂直于圆柱体的轴。杆与圆柱体的接触点为 CC,其中 AC=3aAC=3a。杆与水平面的夹角为 θ\theta,其中 tan⁡θ=34\tan\theta=\frac34(见图)。杆与水平面之间的摩擦系数为 67\frac67。

一个重量为 kWkW 的质点连接在杆的 BB 点。杆即将滑动。杆与圆柱体之间的法向反作用力为 NN。

(a) 证明 N=815W(1+2k)N=\frac8{15}W(1+2k)。

(2)

(b) 求 kk 的值。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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绕 AA 取矩,地面支持力与摩擦力都通过该点。光滑圆柱对杆的支持力垂直于杆,所以它的力臂就是 ACAC。

答题过程

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The reaction NN is perpendicular to the rod at CC, so its moment about AA is N(3a)N(3a). The weights WW and kWkW have horizontal lever arms 2acos⁡θ2a\cos\theta and 4acos⁡θ4a\cos\theta. Equating moments gives

3aN=2aWcos⁡θ+4akWcos⁡θ.3aN=2aW\cos\theta+4akW\cos\theta.

Since cos⁡θ=4/5\cos\theta=4/5, dividing by aa gives

3N= (2+4k)W45= 85W(1+2k),N= 815W(1+2k).\begin{align*} 3N=&\,(2+4k)W\frac45\\[4mm] =&\,\frac85W(1+2k),\\[4mm] N=&\,\frac8{15}W(1+2k). \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

圆柱支持力斜向左上,因此地面摩擦力向右。用水平、竖直平衡和极限摩擦关系消去地面支持力。

答题过程

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Let RR and FF be the ground reaction and the friction magnitude at AA. Resolving horizontally and vertically gives

F= Nsin⁡θ=35N,R+45N= (1+k)W.\begin{align*} F=&\,N\sin\theta=\frac35N,\\[4mm] R+\frac45N=&\,(1+k)W. \end{align*}

Since F=67RF=\frac67R, we get R=(7/6)(3N/5)=7N/10R=(7/6)(3N/5)=7N/10. Hence

(1+k)W= (710+45)N= 32N= 45W(1+2k).\begin{align*} (1+k)W=&\,\bigg(\frac7{10}+\frac45\bigg)N\\[4mm] =&\,\frac32N\\[4mm] =&\,\frac45W(1+2k). \end{align*}

Thus 5+5k=4+8k5+5k=4+8k, and k=1/3k=1/3.