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CIE 9231 2022 November Paper 33 Q4

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2022 Nov Paper 33 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

A particle of mass 0.5 kg0.5\text{ kg} moves along a horizontal straight line. Its velocity is v m s−1v\text{ m s}^{-1} at time t st\text{ s}. The forces acting on the particle are a driving force of magnitude 50 N50\text{ N} and a resistance of magnitude 2v2 N2v^2\text{ N}. The initial velocity of the particle is 3 m s−13\text{ m s}^{-1}.

(a) Find an expression for vv in terms of tt.

(7)

(b) Deduce the limiting value of vv.

(1)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 0.5 kg0.5\text{ kg} 的质点沿一条水平直线运动。在 t st\text{ s} 时,其速度为 v m s−1v\text{ m s}^{-1}。作用在质点上的力为大小为 50 N50\text{ N} 的驱动力和大小为 2v2 N2v^2\text{ N} 的阻力。质点的初速度为 3 m s−13\text{ m s}^{-1}。

(a) 求 vv 用 tt 表示的表达式。

(7)

(b) 由此推得 vv 的极限值。

(1)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

沿初速度方向取正。把阻力代入牛顿第二定律,分离变量后对 25−v225-v^2 使用部分分式。

答题过程

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Newton’s second law gives

12dvdt= 50−2v2,dvdt= 4(25−v2).\begin{align*} \frac12\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t}=&\,50-2v^2,\\[4mm] \frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t}=&\,4(25-v^2). \end{align*}

On the branch starting at v=3v=3, the speed increases towards 55, so 3≤v<53\le v<5. Using partial fractions and separating variables gives

125−s2= 110(15−s+15+s),∫3vds25−s2= ∫0t4 dτ,110[ln⁡5+s5−s]3v= 4t,ln⁡5+v4(5−v)= 40t.\begin{align*} \frac1{25-s^2}=&\,\frac1{10}\bigg(\frac1{5-s}+\frac1{5+s}\bigg),\\[4mm] \int_3^v\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{25-s^2}=&\,\int_0^t4\,\mathrm{d}\tau,\\[4mm] \frac1{10}\bigg[\ln\frac{5+s}{5-s}\bigg]_3^v=&\,4t,\\[4mm] \ln\frac{5+v}{4(5-v)}=&\,40t. \end{align*}

All logarithm arguments are positive since 3≤v<53\le v<5. Exponentiating and rearranging gives

5+v= 4e40t(5−v),v(1+4e40t)= 20e40t−5.\begin{align*} 5+v=&\,4e^{40t}(5-v),\\[4mm] v(1+4e^{40t})=&\,20e^{40t}-5. \end{align*}

Dividing and multiplying numerator and denominator by e−40te^{-40t} gives

v=54−e−40t4+e−40t.v=5\frac{4-e^{-40t}}{4+e^{-40t}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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指数项在 tt 趋于无穷时趋于零。把这个极限代入速度式。

答题过程

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As t→∞t\to\infty, e−40t→0e^{-40t}\to0, and the limiting velocity is 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} in the original direction.