Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9231 2022 November Paper 33 Q6

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2022 Nov Paper 33 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

Two uniform smooth spheres AA and BB of equal radii have masses mm and kmkm respectively. The two spheres are moving on a horizontal surface with speeds uu and 58u\frac58u respectively. Immediately before the spheres collide, AA is travelling along the line of centres, and BB’s direction of motion makes an angle α\alpha with the line of centres (see diagram). The coefficient of restitution between the spheres is 23\frac23 and tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac34.

After the collision, the direction of motion of BB is perpendicular to the line of centres.

(a) Find the value of kk.

(4)

(b) Find the loss in the total kinetic energy as a result of the collision.

(4)
题目中文翻译

两个半径相同的均匀光滑球体 AA 和 BB 的质量分别为 mm 和 kmkm。两个球体在水平面上运动,速率分别为 uu 和 58u\frac58u。在两球即将碰撞前,AA 沿两球的球心连线运动,BB 的运动方向与球心连线成 α\alpha 角(见图)。两球之间的恢复系数为 23\frac23,且 tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac34。

碰撞后,BB 的运动方向垂直于球心连线。

(a) 求 kk 的值。

(4)

(b) 求此次碰撞造成的总动能损失。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

由图确定碰前 AA 与 BB 沿球心连线的分量方向相反。BB 碰后沿线分量为零,先用恢复定律求 AA 的分量,再用动量守恒求质量比。

答题过程

展开

Take the direction from AA to BB as positive. From tan⁡α=3/4\tan\alpha=3/4, we get cos⁡α=4/5\cos\alpha=4/5. The initial parallel components are uu and −(5u/8)cos⁡α=−u/2-(5u/8)\cos\alpha=-u/2. Since the final component of BB is zero, restitution gives

−vA=23(u+u2)=u,-v_A=\frac23\bigg(u+\frac u2\bigg)=u,

so vA=−uv_A=-u. Conservation of momentum gives

mu−12kmu= −mu,1−k2= −1,k= 4.\begin{align*} mu-\frac12kmu=&\,-mu,\\[4mm] 1-\frac k2=&\,-1,\\[4mm] k=&\,4. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

计算碰前和碰后的总动能。BB 碰后只剩垂直分量,AA 碰后速率仍为 uu。

答题过程

展开

The final speed of BB is its unchanged perpendicular component (5u/8)(3/5)=3u/8(5u/8)(3/5)=3u/8. The final speed of AA is uu. With k=4k=4, the total kinetic energies and their difference are

Ei= 12mu2+12(4m)(5u8)2= mu2(12+2532)=4132mu2,Ef= 12mu2+12(4m)(3u8)2= mu2(12+932)=2532mu2,Ei−Ef= (4132−2532)mu2= 12mu2.\begin{align*} E_{\mathrm{i}}=&\,\frac12mu^2+\frac12(4m)\bigg(\frac{5u}{8}\bigg)^2\\[4mm] =&\,mu^2\bigg(\frac12+\frac{25}{32}\bigg)=\frac{41}{32}mu^2,\\[4mm] E_{\mathrm{f}}=&\,\frac12mu^2+\frac12(4m)\bigg(\frac{3u}{8}\bigg)^2\\[4mm] =&\,mu^2\bigg(\frac12+\frac9{32}\bigg)=\frac{25}{32}mu^2,\\[4mm] E_{\mathrm{i}}-E_{\mathrm{f}}=&\,\bigg(\frac{41}{32}-\frac{25}{32}\bigg)mu^2\\[4mm] =&\,\frac12mu^2. \end{align*}