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CIE 9231 2023 November Paper 32 Q1

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 Nov Paper 32 Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

One end of a light inextensible string of length aa is attached to a fixed point OO. The other end of the string is attached to a particle of mass mm. The string is taut and makes an angle θ\theta with the downward vertical through OO, where cos⁡θ=23\cos\theta=\frac23. The particle moves in a horizontal circle with speed vv.

Find vv in terms of aa and gg.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一根长为 aa 的不可伸长轻绳的一端连接在固定点 OO 处,另一端连接一个质量为 mm 的质点。绳绷紧,并与经过 OO 的竖直向下方向成 θ\theta 角,其中 cos⁡θ=23\cos\theta=\frac23。质点以速率 vv 做水平圆周运动。

用 aa 和 gg 表示 vv。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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张力的竖直分量平衡重力,水平分量提供向心力。把半径 asin⁡θa\sin\theta 代入径向方程。

答题过程

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The radius of the horizontal circle is asin⁡θa\sin\theta. The vertical and inward radial equations are

Tcos⁡θ= mg,Tsin⁡θ= mv2asin⁡θ.\begin{align*} T\cos\theta=&\,mg,\\[4mm] T\sin\theta=&\,\frac{mv^2}{a\sin\theta}. \end{align*}

Dividing the second equation by the first eliminates TT and mm. Hence

v2= agsin⁡2θcos⁡θ= ag1−(2/3)22/3= 56ag.\begin{align*} v^2=&\,ag\frac{\sin^2\theta}{\cos\theta}\\[4mm] =&\,ag\frac{1-(2/3)^2}{2/3}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac56ag. \end{align*}

Since vv is a speed, v=5ag/6v=\sqrt{5ag/6}.