Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9231 2023 November Paper 32 Q2

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 Nov Paper 32 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass 0.5 kg0.5\text{ kg} moves in a straight line. At time t st\text{ s} the velocity of PP is v m s−1v\text{ m s}^{-1} and its displacement from a fixed point OO on the line is x mx\text{ m}. The only forces acting on PP are a force of magnitude 150(x+1)2 N\frac{150}{(x+1)^2}\text{ N} in the direction of increasing displacement and a resistive force of magnitude 450(x+1)3 N\frac{450}{(x+1)^3}\text{ N}. When t=0t=0, x=0x=0 and v=20v=20.

Find vv in terms of xx, giving your answer in the form v=Ax+B(x+1)v=\frac{Ax+B}{(x+1)}, where AA and BB are constants to be determined.

(6)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 0.5 kg0.5\text{ kg} 的质点 PP 沿直线运动。在 t st\text{ s} 时,PP 的速度为 v m s−1v\text{ m s}^{-1},相对于直线上固定点 OO 的位移为 x mx\text{ m}。作用在 PP 上的力只有一个大小为 150(x+1)2 N\frac{150}{(x+1)^2}\text{ N}、沿位移增大方向的力,以及一个大小为 450(x+1)3 N\frac{450}{(x+1)^3}\text{ N} 的阻力。当 t=0t=0 时,x=0x=0 且 v=20v=20。

用 xx 表示 vv,将答案写成 v=Ax+B(x+1)v=\frac{Ax+B}{(x+1)} 的形式,其中 AA 和 BB 为待定常数。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

展开

在向前运动的分支,用 v dv/dxv\,\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}x 表示加速度。积分后把速度平方整理成完全平方,并用初速度确定符号。

答题过程

展开

The motion starts towards increasing xx. On this branch Newton’s second law gives

12vdvdx=150(x+1)2−450(x+1)3.\frac12v\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{150}{(x+1)^2}-\frac{450}{(x+1)^3}.

Integrating with respect to xx gives

14v2=−150x+1+225(x+1)2+C.\frac14v^2=-\frac{150}{x+1}+\frac{225}{(x+1)^2}+C.

At x=0x=0, v=20v=20, so 100=−150+225+C100=-150+225+C and C=25C=25. Therefore

v2= 100−600x+1+900(x+1)2= 100(x+1)2−600(x+1)+900(x+1)2= 100(x2−4x+4)(x+1)2= 100(x−2)2(x+1)2.\begin{align*} v^2=&\,100-\frac{600}{x+1}+\frac{900}{(x+1)^2}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{100(x+1)^2-600(x+1)+900}{(x+1)^2}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{100(x^2-4x+4)}{(x+1)^2}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{100(x-2)^2}{(x+1)^2}. \end{align*}

The branch satisfying v=20v=20 at x=0x=0 is

v=−10(x−2)x+1=20−10xx+1.v=-\frac{10(x-2)}{x+1}=\frac{20-10x}{x+1}.

Thus A=−10A=-10 and B=20B=20. On this branch 0≤x<20\le x<2. Indeed, separating dx/dt=10(2−x)/(x+1)\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}t=10(2-x)/(x+1) gives

10t= ∫0xs+12−s ds= [−s−3ln⁡(2−s)]0x= −x+3ln⁡22−x.\begin{align*} 10t=&\,\int_0^x\frac{s+1}{2-s}\,\mathrm{d}s\\[4mm] =&\,\big[-s-3\ln(2-s)\big]_0^x\\[4mm] =&\,-x+3\ln\frac2{2-x}. \end{align*}

This tends to infinity as x→2−x\to2^-, so the particle approaches x=2x=2 without reaching it in finite time.