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CIE 9231 2023 November Paper 32 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 Nov Paper 32 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A uniform lamina is in the form of an isosceles triangle ABCABC in which AC=2aAC=2a and angle ABC=90∘ABC=90^\circ. The point DD on ABAB is such that the ratio DB:AB=1:kDB:AB=1:k. The point EE on CBCB is such that DEDE is parallel to ACAC. The triangle DBEDBE is removed from the lamina (see diagram).

(a) Find, in terms of kk, the distance of the centre of mass of the remaining lamina ADECADEC from the midpoint of ACAC.

(4)

When the lamina ADECADEC is freely suspended from the vertex AA, the edge ACAC makes an angle θ\theta with the downward vertical, where tan⁡θ=518\tan\theta=\frac{5}{18}.

(b) Find the value of kk.

(3)
题目中文翻译

一块均匀薄片呈等腰三角形 ABCABC 的形状,其中 AC=2aAC=2a,角 ABC=90∘ABC=90^\circ。点 DD 位于 ABAB 上,且 DB:AB=1:kDB:AB=1:k。点 EE 位于 CBCB 上,使得 DEDE 平行于 ACAC。从薄片上移去三角形 DBEDBE(见图)。

(a) 用 kk 表示剩余薄片 ADECADEC 的质心到 ACAC 中点的距离。

(4)

当薄片 ADECADEC 从顶点 AA 自由悬挂时,边 ACAC 与竖直向下方向成 θ\theta 角,其中 tan⁡θ=518\tan\theta=\frac{5}{18}。

(b) 求 kk 的值。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

两三角形相似,小三角形的线性尺度是大三角形的 1/k1/k。沿对称轴求质心,用大三角形的面积矩减去小三角形的面积矩。

答题过程

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Let MM be the midpoint of ACAC. By symmetry the centre of mass is on BMBM. The large triangle has base 2a2a, height BM=aBM=a, area a2a^2 and centroid distance a/3a/3 from ACAC.

The removed triangle is similar to the large triangle with scale factor 1/k1/k. Its area is a2/k2a^2/k^2, and its centroid is 2a/(3k)2a/(3k) from BB, so its distance from ACAC is a−2a/(3k)a-2a/(3k).

Let dd be the required distance. Subtracting the area moments gives

(a2−a2k2)d= a2a3−a2k2(a−2a3k),d= a(k3−3k+2)3k(k2−1)= a(k−1)2(k+2)3k(k−1)(k+1)= a(k−1)(k+2)3k(k+1).\begin{align*} \bigg(a^2-\frac{a^2}{k^2}\bigg)d =&\,a^2\frac a3-\frac{a^2}{k^2}\bigg(a-\frac{2a}{3k}\bigg),\\[4mm] d=&\,\frac{a(k^3-3k+2)}{3k(k^2-1)}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{a(k-1)^2(k+2)}{3k(k-1)(k+1)}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{a(k-1)(k+2)}{3k(k+1)}. \end{align*}

Here k>1k>1 since the removed triangle is smaller than the original.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

悬挂时质心位于 AA 的正下方。用 AM=aAM=a 和从 MM 到质心的垂直距离求题给角的正切。

答题过程

展开

The line from AA to the centroid becomes vertical. Its components along and perpendicular to ACAC have magnitudes AM=aAM=a and dd, so

tan⁡θ=da=k2+k−23k(k+1)=518.\tan\theta=\frac da=\frac{k^2+k-2}{3k(k+1)}=\frac5{18}.

Cross-multiplying and simplifying gives

18(k2+k−2)= 15k(k+1),3k2+3k−36= 0,k2+k−12= 0,(k−3)(k+4)= 0.\begin{align*} 18(k^2+k-2)=&\,15k(k+1),\\[4mm] 3k^2+3k-36=&\,0,\\[4mm] k^2+k-12=&\,0,\\[4mm] (k-3)(k+4)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Since k>1k>1, the root −4-4 is rejected and k=3k=3.