题目
A uniform lamina is in the form of an isosceles triangle in which and angle . The point on is such that the ratio . The point on is such that is parallel to . The triangle is removed from the lamina (see diagram).
(a) Find, in terms of , the distance of the centre of mass of the remaining lamina from the midpoint of .
When the lamina is freely suspended from the vertex , the edge makes an angle with the downward vertical, where .
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一块均匀薄片呈等腰三角形 的形状,其中 ,角 。点 位于 上,且 。点 位于 上,使得 平行于 。从薄片上移去三角形 (见图)。
(a) 用 表示剩余薄片 的质心到 中点的距离。
当薄片 从顶点 自由悬挂时,边 与竖直向下方向成 角,其中 。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两三角形相似,小三角形的线性尺度是大三角形的 。沿对称轴求质心,用大三角形的面积矩减去小三角形的面积矩。
答题过程
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Let be the midpoint of . By symmetry the centre of mass is on . The large triangle has base , height , area and centroid distance from .
The removed triangle is similar to the large triangle with scale factor . Its area is , and its centroid is from , so its distance from is .
Let be the required distance. Subtracting the area moments gives
Here since the removed triangle is smaller than the original.
(b)
解法一
思路
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悬挂时质心位于 的正下方。用 和从 到质心的垂直距离求题给角的正切。
答题过程
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The line from to the centroid becomes vertical. Its components along and perpendicular to have magnitudes and , so
Cross-multiplying and simplifying gives
Since , the root is rejected and .