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CIE 9231 2023 November Paper 33 Q6

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 Nov Paper 33 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass mm is attached to one end of a light inextensible rod of length 3a3a. An identical particle QQ is attached to the other end of the rod. The rod is smoothly pivoted at a point OO on the rod, where OQ=xOQ=x. The system, of rod and particles, rotates about OO in a vertical plane.

At an instant when the rod is vertical, with PP above QQ, the particle PP is moving horizontally with speed uu. When the rod has turned through an angle of 60∘60^\circ from the vertical, the speed of PP is 2ag2\sqrt{ag}, and the tensions in the two parts of the rod, OPOP and OQOQ, have equal magnitudes.

(a) Show that the speed of QQ when the rod has turned through an angle of 60∘60^\circ from the vertical is 2x3a−xag\frac{2x}{3a-x}\sqrt{ag}.

(2)

(b) Find xx in terms of aa.

(5)

(c) Find uu in terms of aa and gg.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接在一根长为 3a3a 的不可伸长轻杆的一端。一个相同的质点 QQ 连接在杆的另一端。杆在其上的点 OO 处由光滑枢轴支承,其中 OQ=xOQ=x。由杆和质点组成的系统在竖直平面内绕 OO 转动。

在杆竖直且 PP 位于 QQ 上方的某一瞬间,质点 PP 以速率 uu 沿水平方向运动。当杆从竖直位置转过 60∘60^\circ 角时,PP 的速率为 2ag2\sqrt{ag},且杆的两部分 OPOP 和 OQOQ 中的张力大小相等。

(a) 证明,当杆从竖直位置转过 60∘60^\circ 角时,QQ 的速率为 2x3a−xag\frac{2x}{3a-x}\sqrt{ag}。

(2)

(b) 用 aa 表示 xx。

(5)

(c) 用 aa 和 gg 表示 uu。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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两粒子在同一根刚杆上,绕 OO 的角速度相同。线速率之比等于各自圆周半径之比。

答题过程

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The radii of the paths of PP and QQ are 3a−x3a-x and xx. At the stated instant their angular speeds are equal, so

vQx= 2ag3a−x,vQ= 2x3a−xag.\begin{align*} \frac{v_Q}{x}=&\,\frac{2\sqrt{ag}}{3a-x},\\[4mm] v_Q=&\,\frac{2x}{3a-x}\sqrt{ag}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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分别沿两粒子指向 OO 的方向列式。轻杆可受拉也可受压,先用有符号的杆力检查两段是否可能符号相反。

答题过程

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Let TPT_P and TQT_Q be the signed inward forces exerted by the rod. For the common angular speed ω=2ag/(3a−x)\omega=2\sqrt{ag}/(3a-x), the radial equations are

TP+12mg= m(3a−x)ω2,TQ−12mg= mxω2.\begin{align*} T_P+\frac12mg=&\,m(3a-x)\omega^2,\\[4mm] T_Q-\frac12mg=&\,mx\omega^2. \end{align*}

Adding gives TP+TQ=3maω2>0T_P+T_Q=3ma\omega^2>0. Equal magnitudes therefore imply TP=TQT_P=T_Q, since opposite signed forces of equal magnitude would have sum zero. Subtracting the two radial equations, using TP=TQT_P=T_Q, gives mg=m(3a−2x)ω2mg=m(3a-2x)\omega^2. Hence

(3a−2x)ω2=g.(3a-2x)\omega^2=g.

Substitution of ω2=4ag/(3a−x)2\omega^2=4ag/(3a-x)^2 gives

4a(3a−2x)= (3a−x)2,12a2−8ax= 9a2−6ax+x2.\begin{align*} 4a(3a-2x)=&\,(3a-x)^2,\\[4mm] 12a^2-8ax=&\,9a^2-6ax+x^2. \end{align*}

Rearranging,

x2+2ax−3a2=(x−a)(x+3a)=0.x^2+2ax-3a^2=(x-a)(x+3a)=0.

As 0<x<3a0<x<3a, we obtain x=ax=a.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

对整个系统用机械能守恒。PP 下降、QQ 上升,重力势能只需计算两者高度变化的净值。两粒子在每一时刻的速率比都由杆长确定。

答题过程

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With x=ax=a, the two radii are 2a2a and aa. Initially the speeds are uu and u/2u/2. After the turn they are 2ag2\sqrt{ag} and ag\sqrt{ag}. The vertical drop of PP is 2a(1−cos⁡60∘)=a2a(1-\cos60^\circ)=a, and the rise of QQ is a(1−cos⁡60∘)=a/2a(1-\cos60^\circ)=a/2. Thus the gain in kinetic energy is mga/2mga/2, giving

12m(4ag+ag−u2−14u2)=12mga.\frac12m\bigg(4ag+ag-u^2-\frac14u^2\bigg)=\frac12mga.

Cancelling m/2m/2 gives 5ag−54u2=ag5ag-\frac54u^2=ag, so 54u2=4ag\frac54u^2=4ag and u2=16ag/5u^2=16ag/5. Since u>0u>0, u=4ag/5u=4\sqrt{ag/5}.