题目
A particle of mass is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length . The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point . The particle is held at the point with the string taut. It is given that makes an angle with the downward vertical through , where . The particle is projected perpendicular to in an upwards direction with speed , and it starts to move along a circular path in a vertical plane. When is at the point , where angle is a right angle, the tension in the string is .
Find in terms of and .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 连接在一根长为 的不可伸长轻绳的一端。绳的另一端连接在固定点 。将质点 保持在点 处,绳保持绷紧。已知 与过 的竖直向下方向成角 ,其中 。质点 沿垂直于 且向上的方向以速率 抛出,开始沿竖直平面内的一条圆形轨道运动。当 位于点 时,绳中的张力为 ,其中角 为直角。
用 和 表示 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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先由切向发射的方向确定 在 上方。用 、 的高度差求 点速率,再沿半径指向 列式。
答题过程
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From , we have and . Point is below . Since the initial tangent points upwards and turns through a right angle to , point is above . If the speed at is , conservation of energy gives
Rearranging gives
At , the component of weight towards is . The radial equation gives