题目
An object is formed by removing a cylinder of radius and height from a uniform solid cylinder of radius and height . The vertical axes of symmetry of the two cylinders coincide. The upper faces of the two cylinders are in the same plane as each other. The points and are the opposite ends of a diameter of the upper face of the object (see diagram).
(a) Find, in terms of and , the distance of the centre of mass of the object from .
When the object is suspended from , the angle between and the vertical is , where .
(b) Given that , find the possible values of .
题目中文翻译
一个物体由半径为 、高为 的均匀实心圆柱体挖去一个半径为 、高为 的圆柱体而成。两个圆柱体的竖直对称轴重合,且上表面位于同一平面内。点 和 是该物体上表面一条直径的两个端点(见图)。
(a) 用 和 表示该物体的质心到 的距离。
当该物体从 点悬挂时, 与竖直方向的夹角为 ,其中 。
(b) 已知 ,求 的可能值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以共同的上表面为取矩基准。两个圆柱的质心都在轴线上,因此剩余物体的质心到 的距离就是它在上表面下方的深度。
答题过程
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The full cylinder has volume and centroid at depth . The removed cylinder has volume and centroid at depth . Both centroids lie on the common axis through the midpoint of . Taking volume moments gives the required depth
(b)
解法一
思路
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悬挂后,质心在 的正下方。在物体原来的轴截面内, 到质心的两条直角分量分别为 和上一问的深度。
答题过程
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The line from to the centre of mass is vertical in equilibrium. Its components along and perpendicular to have magnitudes and , respectively. Thus
With , this gives
Both solutions satisfy , so or .