题目
A particle is projected with speed at an angle above the horizontal from a point on a horizontal plane and moves freely under gravity. When is moving horizontally, it strikes a smooth inclined plane at the point . This plane is inclined to the horizontal at an angle , and the line of greatest slope through lies in the vertical plane through and .
As a result of the impact, moves vertically upwards. The coefficient of restitution between and the inclined plane is .
(a) Show that .
In its subsequent motion, the greatest height reached by above is of the vertical height of above the horizontal plane.
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
质点 从水平面上的一点 以速率 、与水平方向成 的仰角抛出,并仅在重力作用下自由运动。当 沿水平方向运动时,它在点 处撞上一个光滑斜面。该斜面与水平方向成角 ,且过 的最大坡度线位于过 和 的竖直平面内。
碰撞后, 竖直向上运动。 与斜面之间的恢复系数为 。
(a) 证明 。
在随后的运动中, 到达的相对于 的最大高度为 在水平面上方的竖直高度的 。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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碰前速度水平,碰后速度竖直。沿斜面和垂直斜面分解这两个速度,再分别用平行分量不变与恢复定律。
答题过程
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The impact occurs at the first highest point, where the speed is horizontal with magnitude . Let be the vertical speed after impact. Take the tangent uphill in the direction of the incoming horizontal motion and the normal outwards from the plane. The unchanged tangential component and restitution give
The first equation gives , and the second gives . Thus , or .
(b)
解法一
思路
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最高点的上升高度与起始竖直速度的平方成正比。先用 (a) 把碰后竖直速度的平方写成 的倍数,再用两次上升高度的比值。
答题过程
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From part (a), and , so . The initial upward component at is . The two rises, from to and from to the next highest point, are and respectively. Therefore
This gives .
解法二
思路
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也可以先将碰后的平行和垂直分量平方相加,再把两种三角函数的平方用 表示。
答题过程
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The speed squared after impact is
The height ratio gives , so . Since , we have and . Substituting gives
Since , . Cancelling the factor gives .