题目
A particle of mass is attached to one end of a light elastic string of natural length and modulus of elasticity . The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point on a smooth horizontal surface. The particle is moving in a horizontal circle about with the string taut and with constant angular speed radians per second.
Find the extension of the string.
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点连接在一根原长为 、弹性模量为 的轻弹性绳的一端。绳的另一端连接在光滑水平面上的固定点 。质点绕 在水平圆周上运动,绳保持绷紧,角速率恒为每秒 弧度。
求绳的伸长量。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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绳的张力提供向心力。圆周半径是自然长度与伸长之和,把胡克定律代入径向方程。
答题过程
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Let be the extension in metres. The radius is , and the tension is by Hooke’s law. Hence
This gives .