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CIE 9231 2024 November Paper 32 Q2

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2024 Nov Paper 32 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass mm is attached to one end of a light elastic spring of natural length aa and modulus of elasticity 5mg5mg. The other end of the spring is attached to a fixed point OO. The spring hangs vertically with PP below OO. The particle PP is pulled down vertically and released from rest when the length of the spring is 32a\frac32a.

Find the distance of PP below OO when PP first comes to instantaneous rest.

(4)
题目中文翻译

质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接在一根原长为 aa、弹性模量为 5mg5mg 的轻弹簧的一端。弹簧的另一端连接在固定点 OO。弹簧竖直悬挂,PP 位于 OO 的下方。将质点 PP 竖直向下拉动,在弹簧长度为 32a\frac32a 时由静止释放。

求 PP 第一次瞬时静止时位于 OO 下方的距离。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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用有符号的伸长表示弹簧长度。释放位置和下一次瞬时静止的位置都没有动能,因此比较两处的弹性势能与重力势能。

答题过程

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Let xx be the signed extension at the next turning point. It is a/2a/2 at release. The spring initially pulls upwards with force 5mg/2>mg5mg/2>mg, so the particle starts upwards. Conservation of energy gives

5mg2a(a24−x2)= mg(a2−x),5a2−20x2= 4a2−8ax,20x2−8ax−a2= 0.\begin{align*} \frac{5mg}{2a}\bigg(\frac{a^2}{4}-x^2\bigg)=&\,mg\bigg(\frac a2-x\bigg),\\[4mm] 5a^2-20x^2=&\,4a^2-8ax,\\[4mm] 20x^2-8ax-a^2=&\,0. \end{align*}

Rearranging gives 20x2−8ax−a2=(2x−a)(10x+a)=020x^2-8ax-a^2=(2x-a)(10x+a)=0. The root x=a/2x=a/2 is the release position. The other root is −a/10-a/10, so the distance below OO is a+x=9a/10a+x=9a/10.

解法二

思路

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也可直接以离 OO 的向下距离为未知量,将弹性势能写成弹簧长度与自然长度之差的平方。

答题过程

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If hh is the distance below OO, the extension is h−ah-a. Using energy between the two positions of zero speed gives

5mg2a(a24−(h−a)2)= mg(3a2−h),5a2−20(h2−2ah+a2)= 12a2−8ah,20h2−48ah+27a2= 0.\begin{align*} \frac{5mg}{2a}\bigg(\frac{a^2}{4}-(h-a)^2\bigg)=&\,mg\bigg(\frac{3a}{2}-h\bigg),\\[4mm] 5a^2-20(h^2-2ah+a^2)=&\,12a^2-8ah,\\[4mm] 20h^2-48ah+27a^2=&\,0. \end{align*}

This simplifies to 20h2−48ah+27a2=(10h−9a)(2h−3a)=020h^2-48ah+27a^2=(10h-9a)(2h-3a)=0. The particle moves upwards from 3a/23a/2, so the first subsequent turning point is h=9a/10h=9a/10.