题目
A particle of mass is attached to one end of a light elastic spring of natural length and modulus of elasticity . The other end of the spring is attached to a fixed point . The spring hangs vertically with below . The particle is pulled down vertically and released from rest when the length of the spring is .
Find the distance of below when first comes to instantaneous rest.
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 连接在一根原长为 、弹性模量为 的轻弹簧的一端。弹簧的另一端连接在固定点 。弹簧竖直悬挂, 位于 的下方。将质点 竖直向下拉动,在弹簧长度为 时由静止释放。
求 第一次瞬时静止时位于 下方的距离。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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用有符号的伸长表示弹簧长度。释放位置和下一次瞬时静止的位置都没有动能,因此比较两处的弹性势能与重力势能。
答题过程
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Let be the signed extension at the next turning point. It is at release. The spring initially pulls upwards with force , so the particle starts upwards. Conservation of energy gives
Rearranging gives . The root is the release position. The other root is , so the distance below is .
解法二
思路
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也可直接以离 的向下距离为未知量,将弹性势能写成弹簧长度与自然长度之差的平方。
答题过程
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If is the distance below , the extension is . Using energy between the two positions of zero speed gives
This simplifies to . The particle moves upwards from , so the first subsequent turning point is .