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CIE 9231 2024 November Paper 32 Q5

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2024 Nov Paper 32 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A particle PP is projected from a point OO on horizontal ground with speed uu at an angle θ\theta above the horizontal, where tan⁡θ=13\tan\theta=\frac13. The particle PP moves freely under gravity and passes through the point with coordinates (3a,45a)(3a,\frac45a) relative to horizontal and vertical axes through OO in the plane of the motion.

(a) Use the equation of the trajectory to show that u2=25agu^2=25ag.

(2)

At the instant when PP is moving horizontally, a particle QQ is projected from OO with speed VV at an angle α\alpha above the horizontal. The particles PP and QQ reach the ground at the same point and at the same time.

(b) Express V2V^2 in the form kagkag, where kk is a rational number.

(6)
题目中文翻译

质点 PP 从水平地面上的一点 OO 以速率 uu、与水平方向成角 θ\theta 向上抛出,其中 tan⁡θ=13\tan\theta=\frac13。质点 PP 仅在重力作用下自由运动。以运动平面内过 OO 的水平轴和竖直轴为坐标轴,PP 经过坐标为 (3a,45a)(3a,\frac45a) 的点。

(a) 利用轨迹方程证明 u2=25agu^2=25ag。

(2)

在 PP 沿水平方向运动的瞬间,质点 QQ 从 OO 以速率 VV、与水平方向成角 α\alpha 向上抛出。质点 PP 和 QQ 同时到达地面上的同一点。

(b) 将 V2V^2 表示为 kagkag 的形式,其中 kk 为有理数。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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将题给坐标代入轨迹方程。由 tan⁡θ\tan\theta 先算出 sec⁡2θ\sec^2\theta,再解初速率的平方。

答题过程

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The trajectory is

y=xtan⁡θ−gx22u2sec⁡2θ.y=x\tan\theta-\frac{gx^2}{2u^2}\sec^2\theta.

Since tan⁡θ=1/3\tan\theta=1/3, we have sec⁡2θ=10/9\sec^2\theta=10/9. At (3a,4a/5)(3a,4a/5) this gives

45a=a−5ga2u2.\frac45a=a-\frac{5ga^2}{u^2}.

Thus 5ga2/u2=a/55ga^2/u^2=a/5, so u2=25agu^2=25ag.

(b)

解法一

思路

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QQ 从 PP 的最高点时刻才开始飞行,所以飞行时间只有 PP 的一半,但射程相同。先算出 PP 的飞行时间和射程,再求 QQ 的两个速度分量。

答题过程

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We have sin⁡θ=1/10\sin\theta=1/\sqrt{10} and cos⁡θ=3/10\cos\theta=3/\sqrt{10}. The flight time TT and range RR of PP are

T= 2usin⁡θg=10ag,R= 2u2sin⁡θcos⁡θg=15a.\begin{align*} T=&\,\frac{2u\sin\theta}{g}=\sqrt{\frac{10a}{g}},\\[4mm] R=&\,\frac{2u^2\sin\theta\cos\theta}{g}=15a. \end{align*}

The flight of QQ lasts T/2T/2. Horizontal and vertical displacements give

R= Vcos⁡α T2,0= Vsin⁡α T2−12g(T2)2.\begin{align*} R=&\,V\cos\alpha\,\frac T2,\\[4mm] 0=&\,V\sin\alpha\,\frac T2-\frac12g\bigg(\frac T2\bigg)^2. \end{align*}

Thus its horizontal component is 2R/T2R/T and its vertical component is gT/4gT/4. Hence

V2= (30aT)2+(gT4)2= 900a210a/g+g2(10a/g)16= 90ag+58ag=7258ag.\begin{align*} V^2=&\,\bigg(\frac{30a}{T}\bigg)^2+\bigg(\frac{gT}{4}\bigg)^2\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{900a^2}{10a/g}+\frac{g^2(10a/g)}{16}\\[4mm] =&\,90ag+\frac58ag=\frac{725}{8}ag. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可直接比较两粒子的速度分量。相同的水平位移配上减半的飞行时间,意味着 QQ 的水平分量加倍,竖直分量减半。

答题过程

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The range equations give Vcos⁡α(T/2)=ucos⁡θ TV\cos\alpha(T/2)=u\cos\theta\,T, so Vcos⁡α=2ucos⁡θV\cos\alpha=2u\cos\theta. Since the flight time at equal launch and landing heights is twice the initial vertical component divided by gg, we also have Vsin⁡α=12usin⁡θV\sin\alpha=\frac12u\sin\theta. It follows that

V2= u2(4cos⁡2θ+14sin⁡2θ)= 25ag(3610+140)= 25ag⋅14540=7258ag.\begin{align*} V^2=&\,u^2\bigg(4\cos^2\theta+\frac14\sin^2\theta\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,25ag\bigg(\frac{36}{10}+\frac1{40}\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,25ag\cdot\frac{145}{40}=\frac{725}{8}ag. \end{align*}