题目
A particle of mass is moving in a horizontal circle with angular speed on the smooth inner surface of a hemispherical shell of radius . The angle between the upward vertical and the normal reaction of the surface on is , where .
When the angular speed is increased to , the angle between the upward vertical and the normal reaction of the surface on becomes , where .
Find the ratio .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 在半径为 的光滑半球壳内表面上,以角速度 作水平圆周运动。表面对 的法向反作用力与竖直向上方向的夹角为 ,其中 。
当角速度增大至 时,表面对 的法向反作用力与竖直向上方向的夹角变为 ,其中 。
求比值 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要重力加速度的数值时,取 。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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支持力的竖直分量平衡重力,水平分量提供向心力。圆周半径为 ,因此两式消去支持力后只剩 。
答题过程
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For either motion, let be the normal reaction. The radius of the horizontal circle is , so
The angles are acute. Cancelling gives , hence . Using for acute , the given tangents give and . Therefore