题目
A particle is moving in a straight horizontal line. At time , the displacement of from a fixed point on the line is and the velocity of is . The acceleration of is in the direction . Initially is at and is moving with velocity .
(a) Find an expression for in terms of .
(b) Find the time when next goes through .
题目中文翻译
质点 在一条水平直线上运动。在 时, 相对于直线上固定点 的位移为 ,速度为 。 的加速度为 ,方向沿 。初始时, 位于 ,并以速度 运动。
(a) 求用 表示 的表达式。
(b) 求 下一次经过 的时刻。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要重力加速度的数值时,取 。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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从出发到第一次返回 ,位移为正,指向 的加速度为负。先分离变量求速度,再积分求位移。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction as positive. On the first excursion, , so the acceleration toward gives
Separating and integrating gives
At , , so . Thus
Since , integration gives , since the cosine is positive on this first excursion. At , , so . Therefore
up to the first return to .
(b)
解法一
思路
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令 (a) 的对数为零。余弦关于零点对称,因此越过速度为零的时刻后,首次取回出发时的余弦值。
答题过程
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Setting gives . Starting from , the angle decreases from , so the next equality is at . Thus the first return occurs at .