Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 31 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 31 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A particle PP is moving in a straight horizontal line. At time t st\,\mathrm{s}, the displacement of PP from a fixed point OO on the line is x mx\,\mathrm{m} and the velocity of PP is v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. The acceleration of PP is 12(v2+4) m s−2\frac12(v^2+4)\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}} in the direction POPO. Initially PP is at OO and is moving with velocity 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(a) Find an expression for xx in terms of tt.

(5)

(b) Find the time when PP next goes through OO.

(2)
题目中文翻译

质点 PP 在一条水平直线上运动。在 t st\,\mathrm{s} 时,PP 相对于直线上固定点 OO 的位移为 x mx\,\mathrm{m},速度为 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。PP 的加速度为 12(v2+4) m s−2\frac12(v^2+4)\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}},方向沿 POPO。初始时,PP 位于 OO,并以速度 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 运动。

(a) 求用 tt 表示 xx 的表达式。

(5)

(b) 求 PP 下一次经过 OO 的时刻。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要重力加速度的数值时,取 g=10 m s−2g=10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

从出发到第一次返回 OO,位移为正,指向 OO 的加速度为负。先分离变量求速度,再积分求位移。

答题过程

展开

Take the initial direction as positive. On the first excursion, x>0x>0, so the acceleration toward OO gives

dvdt=−12(v2+4).\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t}=-\frac12(v^2+4).

Separating and integrating gives

∫1v2+4 dv= −12∫dt,12arctan⁡(v/2)= −t2+C.\begin{align*} \int\frac{1}{v^2+4}\,\mathrm{d}v=&\,-\frac12\int\mathrm{d}t,\\ \frac12\arctan(v/2)=&\,-\frac t2+C. \end{align*}

At t=0t=0, v=2v=2, so C=π/8C=\pi/8. Thus

arctan⁡(v/2)=π4−t,v=2tan⁡(π4−t).\arctan(v/2)=\frac\pi4-t, \qquad v=2\tan\bigg(\frac\pi4-t\bigg).

Since v=dx/dtv=\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}t, integration gives x=2ln⁡[cos⁡(π/4−t)]+Bx=2\ln\big[\cos(\pi/4-t)\big]+B, since the cosine is positive on this first excursion. At t=0t=0, x=0x=0, so B=−2ln⁡(cos⁡(π/4))=ln⁡2B=-2\ln(\cos(\pi/4))=\ln2. Therefore

x=2ln⁡(cos⁡(π/4−t)cos⁡(π/4))\boxed{x=2\ln\bigg(\frac{\cos(\pi/4-t)}{\cos(\pi/4)}\bigg)}

up to the first return to OO.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

令 (a) 的对数为零。余弦关于零点对称,因此越过速度为零的时刻后,首次取回出发时的余弦值。

答题过程

展开

Setting x=0x=0 gives cos⁡(π/4−t)=cos⁡(π/4)\cos(\pi/4-t)=\cos(\pi/4). Starting from t=0t=0, the angle π/4−t\pi/4-t decreases from π/4\pi/4, so the next equality is at π/4−t=−π/4\pi/4-t=-\pi/4. Thus the first return occurs at t=π/2 s\boxed{t=\pi/2\ \mathrm{s}}.