题目
A particle of mass is attached to two light inextensible strings each of length . The end of one string is attached to a fixed point and the end of the other string is attached to a fixed point , with vertically above . Angle is a right angle. The particle rotates in a horizontal circle at a constant angular speed with both strings taut (see diagram).
Find the tension in string in terms of , , and .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 连接于两根长度均为 的轻质不可伸长细绳。第一根细绳的一端连接于固定点 ,第二根细绳的一端连接于固定点 ,其中 在 的正上方。角 为直角。两根细绳均拉紧时,质点 以恒定角速度 作水平圆周运动(见图)。
用 、、 和 表示细绳 中的张力。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要重力加速度的数值时,取 。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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三角形 是等腰直角三角形,所以两根绳都与水平成 ,圆周半径为 。两根绳的张力分别记,列水平及竖直方程。
答题过程
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Let be the tensions in . Each string makes an angle of with the horizontal, and the radius is . Resolving horizontally toward the axis and vertically upward gives
Multiplying each equation by and adding gives . Hence