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CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 32 Q4

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 32 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

A particle QQ is initially positioned at a distance dd vertically above a particle PP. Particle PP is projected with speed UU at an angle α\alpha above the horizontal. At the same time, QQ is projected at an angle β\beta below the horizontal. Both particles move freely under gravity. The particles collide at time TT after the projections.

(a) Show that

d=UT(sin⁡α+cos⁡αtan⁡β).d=UT(\sin\alpha+\cos\alpha\tan\beta).
(4)

The particles collide when PP is at its maximum height.

(b) Given that α=30∘\alpha=30^\circ and β=60∘\beta=60^\circ, find dd in terms of UU and gg.

(3)
题目中文翻译

质点 QQ 初始时位于质点 PP 的正上方,二者竖直距离为 dd。质点 PP 以速率 UU、与水平方向成角 α\alpha 向上投出。同时,QQ 以与水平方向向下成角 β\beta 投出。两个质点均仅在重力作用下运动,并在投出后 TT 时刻相撞。

(a) 证明

d=UT(sin⁡α+cos⁡αtan⁡β).d=UT(\sin\alpha+\cos\alpha\tan\beta).
(4)

两质点相撞时,PP 正处于最大高度。

(b) 已知 α=30∘\alpha=30^\circ 且 β=60∘\beta=60^\circ,用 UU 和 gg 表示 dd。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要重力加速度的数值时,取 g=10 m s−2g=10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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两粒子从同一竖直线上同时出发,要相碰就必须具有相同的水平速度。竖直方向上两者的重力加速度相同,相对距离只由初速度分量决定。

答题过程

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Let WW be the projection speed of QQ. Equality of horizontal positions at T>0T>0 gives Wcos⁡β=Ucos⁡αW\cos\beta=U\cos\alpha. Taking the initial height of PP as zero, equality of vertical positions gives

UTsin⁡α−12gT2=d−WTsin⁡β−12gT2.UT\sin\alpha-\frac12gT^2 =d-WT\sin\beta-\frac12gT^2.

Substituting W=Ucos⁡α/cos⁡βW=U\cos\alpha/\cos\beta and rearranging yields

d= UTsin⁡α+WTsin⁡β= UTsin⁡α+Ucos⁡αcos⁡βTsin⁡β= UT(sin⁡α+cos⁡αtan⁡β).\begin{align*} d=&\,UT\sin\alpha+WT\sin\beta\\[4mm] =&\,UT\sin\alpha+\frac{U\cos\alpha}{\cos\beta}T\sin\beta\\[4mm] =&\,UT(\sin\alpha+\cos\alpha\tan\beta). \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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在最高点,PP 的竖直速度为零。用这个条件求 TT,再代入 (a)。

答题过程

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At the highest point Usin⁡α−gT=0U\sin\alpha-gT=0, so T=U/(2g)T=U/(2g) for α=30∘\alpha=30^\circ. For β=60∘\beta=60^\circ, the bracket in (a) is 12+323=2\frac12+\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\sqrt3=2. Therefore

d=UU2g×2=U2g.d=U\frac{U}{2g}\times2=\boxed{\frac{U^2}{g}}.