题目
Two uniform smooth spheres, and , of equal radii are on a horizontal surface. They have masses of and respectively. Sphere is moving with speed at an angle with the line of centres when it collides with sphere which is stationary. Immediately after the collision, sphere moves with speed at an angle with the line of centres (see diagram).
It is given that .
(a) Find in terms of .
(b) Find the coefficient of restitution between the spheres in terms of .
(c) Find the range of possible values of .
题目中文翻译
两个半径相等的均匀光滑球 和 位于水平面上,质量分别为 和 。球 以速率 、与连心线成角 的方向运动,并与静止的球 碰撞。碰撞后瞬间,球 以速率 、与连心线成角 的方向运动(见图)。
已知 。
(a) 用 表示 。
(b) 用 表示两球之间的恢复系数。
(c) 求 的可能取值范围。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要重力加速度的数值时,取 。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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光滑球的碰撞冲量沿连心线,所以垂直于连心线的速度分量不变。用正弦倍角公式求速度大小。
答题过程
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Since the impulse is along the line of centres, . From , we have , and . Thus .
(b)
解法一
思路
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沿连心线列动量守恒,先求 的碰后速度。恢复系数同样只用沿连心线的速度分量。
答题过程
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Take the direction from toward as positive along the line of centres. The final velocity of is along that line, with component . Since , conservation of momentum gives
The approach speed is and the separation speed is . Hence
(c)
解法一
思路
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质量为正,所以乘以 时不等号方向不变。将 的表达式夹在 与 之间。
答题过程
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Since , the condition becomes . Hence , giving