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CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 33 Q2

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 33 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass mm is moving in a horizontal circle with angular speed ω1\omega_1 on the smooth inner surface of a hemispherical shell of radius rr. The angle between the upward vertical and the normal reaction of the surface on PP is θ1\theta_1, where tan⁡θ1=34\tan\theta_1=\frac34.

When the angular speed is increased to ω2\omega_2, the angle between the upward vertical and the normal reaction of the surface on PP becomes θ2\theta_2, where tan⁡θ2=43\tan\theta_2=\frac43.

Find the ratio ω1ω2\frac{\omega_1}{\omega_2}.

(4)
题目中文翻译

质量为 mm 的质点 PP 在半径为 rr 的光滑半球壳内表面上,以角速度 ω1\omega_1 作水平圆周运动。表面对 PP 的法向反作用力与竖直向上方向的夹角为 θ1\theta_1,其中 tan⁡θ1=34\tan\theta_1=\frac34。

当角速度增大至 ω2\omega_2 时,表面对 PP 的法向反作用力与竖直向上方向的夹角变为 θ2\theta_2,其中 tan⁡θ2=43\tan\theta_2=\frac43。

求比值 ω1ω2\frac{\omega_1}{\omega_2}。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要重力加速度的数值时,取 g=10 m s−2g=10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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支持力的竖直分量平衡重力,水平分量提供向心力。圆周半径为 rsin⁡θr\sin\theta,因此两式消去支持力后只剩 cos⁡θ\cos\theta。

答题过程

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For either motion, let NN be the normal reaction. The radius of the horizontal circle is rsin⁡θr\sin\theta, so

Ncos⁡θ= mg,Nsin⁡θ= mω2rsin⁡θ.\begin{align*} N\cos\theta=&\,mg,\\ N\sin\theta=&\,m\omega^2r\sin\theta. \end{align*}

The angles are acute. Cancelling sin⁡θ\sin\theta gives N=mrω2N=mr\omega^2, hence ω2=g/(rcos⁡θ)\omega^2=g/(r\cos\theta). Using cos⁡θ=1/1+tan⁡2θ\cos\theta=1/\sqrt{1+\tan^2\theta} for acute θ\theta, the given tangents give cos⁡θ1=1/1+9/16=4/5\cos\theta_1=1/\sqrt{1+9/16}=4/5 and cos⁡θ2=1/1+16/9=3/5\cos\theta_2=1/\sqrt{1+16/9}=3/5. Therefore

ω1ω2=cos⁡θ2cos⁡θ1=32.\boxed{\frac{\omega_1}{\omega_2} =\sqrt{\frac{\cos\theta_2}{\cos\theta_1}}=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}}.