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CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 33 Q6

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 33 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass mm is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length aa. The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point OO. Initially PP is held with the string taut and making an angle of 60∘60^\circ with the upward vertical through OO. The particle PP is projected perpendicular to the string in a downwards direction with speed 17ag\sqrt{17ag}. It then starts to move along a circular path in a vertical plane with centre OO (see diagram). At the lowest point of its path, vertically below OO, the particle PP collides with a stationary particle QQ.

(a) Find, in terms of aa and gg, an expression for the speed of PP immediately before the collision with QQ.

(2)

As a result of the collision, PP rebounds and moves back along a circular path with centre OO. The string becomes slack when PP reaches the point on the circle vertically above OO.

(b) Find, in terms of aa and gg, an expression for the speed of PP immediately after the collision with QQ.

(3)

The mass of particle QQ is kmkm and the collision between PP and QQ is perfectly elastic.

(c) Find the value of kk.

(3)
题目中文翻译

质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接于一根长度为 aa 的轻质不可伸长细绳的一端,细绳另一端连接于固定点 OO。初始时,PP 被保持在细绳拉紧的位置,且细绳与经过 OO 的竖直向上方向成 60∘60^\circ 角。质点 PP 以速度 17ag\sqrt{17ag} 沿垂直于细绳的向下方向投出。之后,它在以 OO 为圆心的竖直平面内沿圆形轨迹运动(见图)。在轨迹的最低点,即 OO 的正下方,质点 PP 与一个静止质点 QQ 碰撞。

(a) 用 aa 和 gg 表示 PP 与 QQ 碰撞前瞬间的速率。

(2)

碰撞后,PP 反弹并沿以 OO 为圆心的圆形轨迹返回运动。当 PP 到达圆周上 OO 的正上方的点时,细绳变松。

(b) 用 aa 和 gg 表示 PP 与 QQ 碰撞后瞬间的速率。

(3)

质点 QQ 的质量为 kmkm,且 PP 与 QQ 的碰撞为完全弹性碰撞。

(c) 求 kk 的值。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要重力加速度的数值时,取 g=10 m s−2g=10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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初始位置在 OO 上方 acos⁡60∘a\cos60^\circ,最低点在 OO 下方 aa。张力垂直于速度,不做功。

答题过程

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The vertical drop before impact is acos⁡60∘+a=3a/2a\cos60^\circ+a=3a/2. Conservation of energy gives 12m(17ag)+mg(3a/2)=12mv2\frac12m(17ag)+mg(3a/2)=\frac12mv^2, hence v2=17ag+3ag=20agv^2=17ag+3ag=20ag. The speed immediately before collision is 20ag\boxed{\sqrt{20ag}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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到达最高点时绳恰好松弛,张力为零,重力单独提供向心力。由此求最高点速度,再用能量守恒回到碰撞后的最低点。

答题过程

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At the top the tension is zero, so mg=mV2/amg=mV^2/a and V2=agV^2=ag. If ww is the speed immediately after collision at the bottom, the rise to the top is 2a2a. Conservation of energy gives 12mw2=12mV2+2mga\frac12mw^2=\frac12mV^2+2mga, hence w2=V2+4ag=5agw^2=V^2+4ag=5ag, and w=5ag\boxed{w=\sqrt{5ag}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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取 PP 碰撞前的方向为正。反弹后 PP 的速度为负,先用完全弹性碰撞的恢复关系求 QQ 的速度,再用动量守恒。

答题过程

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Let s=5ags=\sqrt{5ag}. With the incoming direction positive, PP has velocities 2s2s before impact and −s-s afterward. If QQ has final velocity vQv_Q, then e=1e=1 gives vQ−(−s)=2sv_Q-(-s)=2s. Thus vQ=sv_Q=s.

Conservation of momentum gives m(2s)=m(−s)+km(s)m(2s)=m(-s)+km(s). Dividing by ms>0ms>0 gives 2=−1+k2=-1+k, so k=3\boxed{k=3}.

解法二

思路

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完全弹性碰撞也可用动能守恒。将动量式与动能式结合,消去 QQ 的速度。

答题过程

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With s=5ags=\sqrt{5ag} and the incoming direction positive, momentum conservation gives kvQ=3skv_Q=3s. Kinetic energy conservation gives 4s2=s2+kvQ24s^2=s^2+kv_Q^2, or kvQ2=3s2kv_Q^2=3s^2. Squaring the momentum equation and dividing by the energy equation gives k=9s2/(3s2)=3k=9s^2/(3s^2)=3.