题目
A light inextensible string of length is threaded through a fixed smooth ring . One end of the string is attached to a particle of mass . The other end of the string is attached to a particle of mass . Particle hangs in equilibrium vertically below the ring. Particle moves with constant angular speed in a horizontal circle with particle at its centre. The angle between and is (see diagram).
Express in terms of and .
题目中文翻译
一根长度为 的轻质不可伸长细绳穿过一个固定的光滑环 。细绳的一端连接质量为 的质点 ,另一端连接质量为 的质点 。质点 在环的正下方竖直悬挂并处于平衡。质点 以恒定角速度 在水平圆周上运动,且该圆以质点 为圆心。 与 的夹角为 (见图)。
用 和 表示 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要重力加速度的数值时,取 。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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先由 的平衡求绳张力,再用 的竖直平衡求角度。圆的半径来自绳段 的水平投影,水平方向张力提供向心力。
答题过程
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The smooth ring makes the tension the same on both sides. Since is in equilibrium, . The vertical acceleration of is zero, so , giving .
Since and are at the same height, . The total length gives , hence and . The radius of the circle is . Resolving horizontally toward its centre,
Here , so . Cancelling it gives , hence . Hence