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CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 34 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 34 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

The lamina BFDEBFDE is obtained by removing triangles AEDAED and BCFBCF from a uniform square lamina ABCDABCD of side 2a2a. The length of side AEAE is aa and the length of side FCFC is hh (see diagram). The centre of mass of BFDEBFDE is at a distance xˉ\bar{x} from ADAD, and at a distance yˉ\bar{y} from ABAB.

(a) Show that

xˉ=h2−6ah+11a23(3a−h)\bar{x}=\frac{h^2-6ah+11a^2}{3(3a-h)}

and find a corresponding expression for yˉ\bar{y}.

(5)

(b) The lamina BFDEBFDE is placed vertically on its edge EBEB on a smooth horizontal surface.

Find, in terms of aa, the set of possible values of hh for which the lamina remains in equilibrium.

(2)
题目中文翻译

薄片 BFDEBFDE 由边长为 2a2a 的均匀正方形薄片 ABCDABCD 去除三角形 AEDAED 和 BCFBCF 得到。边 AEAE 的长度为 aa,边 FCFC 的长度为 hh(见图)。BFDEBFDE 的质心距 ADAD 的距离为 xˉ\bar{x},距 ABAB 的距离为 yˉ\bar{y}。

(a) 证明

xˉ=h2−6ah+11a23(3a−h)\bar{x}=\frac{h^2-6ah+11a^2}{3(3a-h)}

并求 yˉ\bar{y} 的相应表达式。

(5)

(b) 将薄片 BFDEBFDE 竖直放置在光滑水平面上的边 EBEB 上。

用 aa 表示使薄片保持平衡的 hh 的可能取值集合。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要重力加速度的数值时,取 g=10 m s−2g=10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

面密度相同,可用面积代替质量。以 ADAD 和 ABAB 为坐标基准,把挖去的两个三角形的面积及力矩从正方形中减掉。

答题过程

展开

Measure xx from ADAD and yy from ABAB. The centroid of a triangle is the average of its three vertex coordinates. The areas and centroids are

RegionAreaCentroid xxCentroid yy
ABCDABCD4a24a^2aaaa
AEDAEDa2a^2a/3a/32a/32a/3
BCFBCFahah2a−h/32a-h/34a/34a/3

The remaining area is M=3a2−ahM=3a^2-ah. Taking area moments gives

Mxˉ= 4a3−a33−2a2h+ah23= a3(h2−6ah+11a2),Myˉ= 4a3−2a33−4a2h3= 2a23(5a−2h).\begin{align*} M\bar x=&\,4a^3-\frac{a^3}{3}-2a^2h+\frac{ah^2}{3}\\ =&\,\frac a3(h^2-6ah+11a^2),\\ M\bar y=&\,4a^3-\frac{2a^3}{3}-\frac{4a^2h}{3}\\ =&\,\frac{2a^2}{3}(5a-2h). \end{align*}

Dividing by M=a(3a−h)M=a(3a-h) gives

xˉ= h2−6ah+11a23(3a−h),yˉ= 2a(5a−2h)3(3a−h).\begin{align*} \bar x=&\,\frac{h^2-6ah+11a^2}{3(3a-h)},\\ \bar y=&\,\boxed{\frac{2a(5a-2h)}{3(3a-h)}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

也可沿 EFEF 将保留的部分分成两个三角形。用两个三角形的面积加权,不必对挖去的部分取负号。

答题过程

展开

The triangles DEFDEF and EBFEBF have respective areas a(2a−h)a(2a-h) and a2a^2. Their centroids, using distances from ADAD and ABAB, are

(3a−h3,4a3),(5a−h3,2a3).\bigg(\frac{3a-h}{3},\frac{4a}{3}\bigg), \qquad \bigg(\frac{5a-h}{3},\frac{2a}{3}\bigg).

Hence

(3a2−ah)xˉ= a3[(2a−h)(3a−h)+a(5a−h)],(3a2−ah)yˉ= 4a23(2a−h)+2a33.\begin{align*} (3a^2-ah)\bar x =&\,\frac a3\big[(2a-h)(3a-h)+a(5a-h)\big],\\ (3a^2-ah)\bar y =&\,\frac{4a^2}{3}(2a-h)+\frac{2a^3}{3}. \end{align*}

Expanding (2a−h)(3a−h)+a(5a−h)=6a2−5ah+h2+5a2−ah=h2−6ah+11a2(2a-h)(3a-h)+a(5a-h)=6a^2-5ah+h^2+5a^2-ah=h^2-6ah+11a^2 and dividing by a(3a−h)a(3a-h) gives

xˉ= h2−6ah+11a23(3a−h),yˉ= 2a(5a−2h)3(3a−h).\begin{align*} \bar x=&\,\frac{h^2-6ah+11a^2}{3(3a-h)},\\ \bar y=&\,\frac{2a(5a-2h)}{3(3a-h)}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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重力的作用线必须落在支撑边 EBEB 上。沿 ABAB 的坐标中,EE 在 aa,BB 在 2a2a;重心本来就在正方形内,只需再检查左端。

答题过程

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The vertical line through the centre of mass must meet EBEB, so a≤xˉ≤2aa\le\bar x\le2a. The upper condition holds because the lamina lies in the square. For 0≤h≤2a0\le h\le2a, we have 3a−h>03a-h>0, so the lower condition becomes

h2−6ah+11a2≥3a(3a−h)⟺(h−a)(h−2a)≥0.h^2-6ah+11a^2\ge3a(3a-h) \quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad (h-a)(h-2a)\ge0.

Thus 0<h≤a or h=2a\boxed{0<h\le a\ \text{or}\ h=2a}. If the zero-length cut F=CF=C is included, h=0h=0 also satisfies the equilibrium condition.