A particle P of mass mkg is projected vertically upwards from a point O with an initial speed of 20ms−1 and moves under gravity. There is a resistive force of magnitude 0.025mv2N, where vms−1 is the speed of P at time ts after projection. The displacement of P from O is xm at time ts after projection.
(a) Find an expression for v in terms of x, while P is moving upwards.
(5)
(b) Find an expression for v in terms of t, while P is moving upwards.
(4)
题目中文翻译
质量为 mkg 的质点 P 从点 O 以初速度 20ms−1 竖直向上投出,随后在重力作用下运动。存在大小为 0.025mv2N 的阻力,其中 vms−1 是投出后 ts 时 P 的速率。投出后 ts 时,P 相对于 O 的位移为 xm。
(a) 当 P 向上运动时,求用 x 表示 v 的表达式。
(5)
(b) 当 P 向上运动时,求用 t 表示 v 的表达式。
(4)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
Multiplying by 2 and writing C=2C1 gives ln(v2+400)=−x/20+C. At x=0, v=20, so C=ln800. Therefore v2=800e−x/20−400 and the positive root gives the upward speed, for 0≤x<20ln2,
v=202e−x/20−1.
(b)
解法一
思路
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将同一个加速度写成 dv/dt。分离后,左边是反正切积分。
答题过程
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The force equation is dtdv=−(v2+400)/40. Separating gives dv/(v2+400)=−dt/40. Since ∫dv/(v2+400)=201arctan(v/20), integration and multiplication by 40 give
2arctan(v/20)=−t+C.
At t=0, v=20, so C=π/2. On the upward part of the motion, 0≤t<π/2 and v>0, so