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CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 34 Q5

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 34 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass m kgm\,\mathrm{kg} is projected vertically upwards from a point OO with an initial speed of 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and moves under gravity. There is a resistive force of magnitude 0.025mv2 N0.025mv^2\,\mathrm{N}, where v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} is the speed of PP at time t st\,\mathrm{s} after projection. The displacement of PP from OO is x mx\,\mathrm{m} at time t st\,\mathrm{s} after projection.

(a) Find an expression for vv in terms of xx, while PP is moving upwards.

(5)

(b) Find an expression for vv in terms of tt, while PP is moving upwards.

(4)
题目中文翻译

质量为 m kgm\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 PP 从点 OO 以初速度 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 竖直向上投出,随后在重力作用下运动。存在大小为 0.025mv2 N0.025mv^2\,\mathrm{N} 的阻力,其中 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 是投出后 t st\,\mathrm{s} 时 PP 的速率。投出后 t st\,\mathrm{s} 时,PP 相对于 OO 的位移为 x mx\,\mathrm{m}。

(a) 当 PP 向上运动时,求用 xx 表示 vv 的表达式。

(5)

(b) 当 PP 向上运动时,求用 tt 表示 vv 的表达式。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要重力加速度的数值时,取 g=10 m s−2g=10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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向上运动时重力和阻力都向下。将加速度写成 v dv/dxv\,\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}x,分离变量后用出发点速度确定常数。

答题过程

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Taking upward as positive and using g=10g=10,

mvdvdx=−10m−0.025mv2.mv\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x}=-10m-0.025mv^2.

Thus v dv/(v2+400)=−dx/40v\,\mathrm{d}v/(v^2+400)=-\mathrm{d}x/40. Integrating gives

12ln⁡(v2+400)=−x40+C1.\frac12\ln(v^2+400)=-\frac{x}{40}+C_1.

Multiplying by 22 and writing C=2C1C=2C_1 gives ln⁡(v2+400)=−x/20+C\ln(v^2+400)=-x/20+C. At x=0x=0, v=20v=20, so C=ln⁡800C=\ln800. Therefore v2=800e−x/20−400v^2=800e^{-x/20}-400 and the positive root gives the upward speed, for 0≤x<20ln⁡20\le x<20\ln2,

v=202e−x/20−1.\boxed{v=20\sqrt{2e^{-x/20}-1}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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将同一个加速度写成 dv/dt\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}t。分离后,左边是反正切积分。

答题过程

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The force equation is dvdt=−(v2+400)/40\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t}=-(v^2+400)/40. Separating gives dv/(v2+400)=−dt/40\mathrm{d}v/(v^2+400)=-\mathrm{d}t/40. Since ∫dv/(v2+400)=120arctan⁡(v/20)\int\mathrm{d}v/(v^2+400)=\frac1{20}\arctan(v/20), integration and multiplication by 4040 give

2arctan⁡(v/20)=−t+C.2\arctan(v/20)=-t+C.

At t=0t=0, v=20v=20, so C=π/2C=\pi/2. On the upward part of the motion, 0≤t<π/20\le t<\pi/2 and v>0v>0, so

v=20tan⁡(π4−t2).\boxed{v=20\tan\bigg(\frac\pi4-\frac t2\bigg)}.