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CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 34 Q7

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 34 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

XX and YY are two fixed smooth vertical walls on a smooth horizontal surface. The walls are parallel and at a distance dd apart. The points P1P_1, P2P_2 and P3P_3 all lie on the surface.

A particle QQ is projected horizontally from the point P1P_1 on Wall XX with speed uu, and moves along the surface. The particle QQ strikes Wall YY at the point P2P_2. Immediately before the collision, the direction of motion of QQ makes an angle α\alpha with Wall YY, where sin⁡α=45\sin\alpha=\frac45. Immediately after the collision, the direction of motion of QQ makes an angle θ\theta with Wall YY. The particle QQ then strikes Wall XX at the point P3P_3 (see diagram).

The time that it takes QQ to travel the distance P1P2P_1P_2 is TT. The time that it takes QQ to travel the distance P2P3P_2P_3 is kTkT.

Find, in terms of kk, the coefficient of restitution between QQ and Wall YY.

(6)
题目中文翻译

XX 和 YY 是光滑水平面上的两面固定光滑竖直墙。两墙彼此平行,相距 dd。点 P1P_1、P2P_2 和 P3P_3 均在该平面上。

质点 QQ 从墙 XX 上的点 P1P_1 以速度 uu 水平投出,并沿平面运动。质点 QQ 在点 P2P_2 撞上墙 YY。碰撞前瞬间,QQ 的运动方向与墙 YY 成角 α\alpha,其中 sin⁡α=45\sin\alpha=\frac45。碰撞后瞬间,QQ 的运动方向与墙 YY 成角 θ\theta。质点 QQ 随后在点 P3P_3 撞上墙 XX(见图)。

QQ 走过距离 P1P2P_1P_2 所需时间为 TT。QQ 走过距离 P2P3P_2P_3 所需时间为 kTkT。

用 kk 表示 QQ 与墙 YY 之间的恢复系数。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要重力加速度的数值时,取 g=10 m s−2g=10\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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恢复系数只涉及垂直于墙的速度分量。两段路程在该方向上都跨越墙距 dd,所以用各自所花时间即可求这两个分量。

答题过程

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On the smooth surface the velocity is constant on each leg. Before the collision, the magnitude of the velocity perpendicular to the walls is d/Td/T. After the collision it reverses direction, and its magnitude is d/(kT)d/(kT) because the particle crosses the same gap in time kTkT.

Let the speed immediately after impact be vv. The component geometry gives

usin⁡α= dT,vsin⁡θ= dkT.\begin{align*} u\sin\alpha=&\,\frac dT,\\ v\sin\theta=&\,\frac d{kT}. \end{align*}

Newton’s law of restitution therefore gives

e=vsin⁡θusin⁡α=d/(kT)d/T=1k.e=\frac{v\sin\theta}{u\sin\alpha} =\frac{d/(kT)}{d/T}=\boxed{\frac1k}.