题目
and are two fixed smooth vertical walls on a smooth horizontal surface. The walls are parallel and at a distance apart. The points , and all lie on the surface.
A particle is projected horizontally from the point on Wall with speed , and moves along the surface. The particle strikes Wall at the point . Immediately before the collision, the direction of motion of makes an angle with Wall , where . Immediately after the collision, the direction of motion of makes an angle with Wall . The particle then strikes Wall at the point (see diagram).
The time that it takes to travel the distance is . The time that it takes to travel the distance is .
Find, in terms of , the coefficient of restitution between and Wall .
题目中文翻译
和 是光滑水平面上的两面固定光滑竖直墙。两墙彼此平行,相距 。点 、 和 均在该平面上。
质点 从墙 上的点 以速度 水平投出,并沿平面运动。质点 在点 撞上墙 。碰撞前瞬间, 的运动方向与墙 成角 ,其中 。碰撞后瞬间, 的运动方向与墙 成角 。质点 随后在点 撞上墙 (见图)。
走过距离 所需时间为 。 走过距离 所需时间为 。
用 表示 与墙 之间的恢复系数。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要重力加速度的数值时,取 。请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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恢复系数只涉及垂直于墙的速度分量。两段路程在该方向上都跨越墙距 ,所以用各自所花时间即可求这两个分量。
答题过程
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On the smooth surface the velocity is constant on each leg. Before the collision, the magnitude of the velocity perpendicular to the walls is . After the collision it reverses direction, and its magnitude is because the particle crosses the same gap in time .
Let the speed immediately after impact be . The component geometry gives
Newton’s law of restitution therefore gives