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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 12 Q2

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 12 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

The cubic equation x3+4x2+6x+1=0x^3+4x^2+6x+1=0 has roots α\alpha, β\beta, γ\gamma.

(a) Find the value of α2+β2+γ2\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2.

(2)

(b) Use standard results from the list of formulae (MF19) to show that

∑r=1n((α+r)2+(β+r)2+(γ+r)2)=n(n2+an+b),\sum_{r=1}^{n}\bigl((\alpha+r)^2+(\beta+r)^2+(\gamma+r)^2\bigr)=n(n^2+an+b),

where aa and bb are constants to be determined.

(6)
题目中文翻译

三次方程 x3+4x2+6x+1=0x^3+4x^2+6x+1=0 的根为 α\alpha、β\beta、γ\gamma。

(a) 求 α2+β2+γ2\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2 的值。

(2)

(b) 利用公式表(MF19)中的标准结果,证明

∑r=1n((α+r)2+(β+r)2+(γ+r)2)=n(n2+an+b),\sum_{r=1}^{n}\bigl((\alpha+r)^2+(\beta+r)^2+(\gamma+r)^2\bigr)=n(n^2+an+b),

其中 aa 和 bb 是待求的常数。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

由韦达定理得到根和与二次对称和,再用平方和恒等式。

答题过程

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Vieta’s formulae give α+β+γ=−4\alpha+\beta+\gamma=-4 and αβ+βγ+γα=6\alpha\beta+\beta\gamma+\gamma\alpha=6. Hence

α2+β2+γ2=(−4)2−2(6)=4.\boxed{\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2 =(-4)^2-2(6)=4}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先对固定r把三个平方展开合并,根的资料随即化为常数与一次项,再对r应用标准求和。

答题过程

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For each rr, using (a),

 (α+r)2+(β+r)2+(γ+r)2= (α2+β2+γ2) +2r(α+β+γ)+3r2= 4−8r+3r2.\begin{align*} &\,(\alpha+r)^2+(\beta+r)^2+(\gamma+r)^2\\[4mm] =&\,(\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2)\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+2r(\alpha+\beta+\gamma)+3r^2\\[4mm] =&\,4-8r+3r^2. \end{align*}

Therefore the required sum is

∑r=1n(4−8r+3r2)= 4n−8n(n+1)2 +3n(n+1)(2n+1)6= 4n−4n(n+1)+12n(n+1)(2n+1)= n[4−4(n+1) +12(n+1)(2n+1)]= n(n2−52n+12).\begin{align*} \sum_{r=1}^n(4-8r+3r^2) =&\,4n-8\frac{n(n+1)}2\\[4mm] &\,+3\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}6\\[4mm] =&\,4n-4n(n+1)+\frac12n(n+1)(2n+1)\\[4mm] =&\,n\big[4-4(n+1)\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+\tfrac12(n+1)(2n+1)\big]\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{n\big(n^2-\tfrac52n+\tfrac12\big)}. \end{align*}

Thus a=−52,b=12\boxed{a=-\frac52,\quad b=\frac12}.