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CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 13 Q5

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 13 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The lines l1l_1 and l2l_2 have equations

r= i+4j−k+λ(j−2k)andr= −3i+4j+μ(i+2j+k)\begin{align*} \mathbf{r}=&\,\mathbf{i}+4\mathbf{j}-\mathbf{k}+\lambda(\mathbf{j}-2\mathbf{k})\\ \text{and}\quad\mathbf{r}=&\,-3\mathbf{i}+4\mathbf{j}+\mu(\mathbf{i}+2\mathbf{j}+\mathbf{k}) \end{align*}

respectively.

(a) Find the shortest distance between l1l_1 and l2l_2.

(5)

The plane Π1\Pi_1 contains l1l_1 and is parallel to l2l_2.

(b) Obtain an equation of Π1\Pi_1 in the form px+qy+rz=spx+qy+rz=s.

(2)

(c) The point (1,1,1)(1,1,1) lies on the plane Π2\Pi_2.

It is given that the line of intersection of the planes Π1\Pi_1 and Π2\Pi_2 passes through the point (0,0,2)(0,0,2) and is parallel to the vector i+4j−3k\mathbf{i}+4\mathbf{j}-3\mathbf{k}.

Obtain an equation of Π2\Pi_2 in the form ax+by+cz=dax+by+cz=d.

(3)
题目中文翻译

直线 l1l_1 和 l2l_2 的方程分别为

r= i+4j−k+λ(j−2k)r= −3i+4j+μ(i+2j+k).\begin{align*} \mathbf{r}=&\,\mathbf{i}+4\mathbf{j}-\mathbf{k}+\lambda(\mathbf{j}-2\mathbf{k})\\ \mathbf{r}=&\,-3\mathbf{i}+4\mathbf{j}+\mu(\mathbf{i}+2\mathbf{j}+\mathbf{k}). \end{align*}

(a) 求 l1l_1 与 l2l_2 之间的最短距离。

(5)

平面 Π1\Pi_1 包含 l1l_1,且平行于 l2l_2。

(b) 求 Π1\Pi_1 的一个方程,写成 px+qy+rz=spx+qy+rz=s 的形式。

(2)

(c) 点 (1,1,1)(1,1,1) 位于平面 Π2\Pi_2 上。

已知平面 Π1\Pi_1 与 Π2\Pi_2 的交线经过点 (0,0,2)(0,0,2),且平行于向量 i+4j−3k\mathbf{i}+4\mathbf{j}-3\mathbf{k}。

求 Π2\Pi_2 的一个方程,写成 ax+by+cz=dax+by+cz=d 的形式。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

取两直线上各一点的连接向量,投影到两方向叉积所给的公垂线方向。

答题过程

展开

Take A=(1,4,−1)A=(1,4,-1) on l1l_1 and B=(−3,4,0)B=(-3,4,0) on l2l_2. Then

AB→=(−4,0,1).\overrightarrow{AB}=(-4,0,1).

The direction vectors of the lines are u=(0,1,−2)\mathbf u=(0,1,-2) and v=(1,2,1)\mathbf v=(1,2,1), with

w= u×v=(5,−2,−1),∣w∣= 30.\begin{align*} \mathbf w=&\,\mathbf u\times\mathbf v=(5,-2,-1),\\[4mm] |\mathbf w|=&\,\sqrt{30}. \end{align*}

Thus the shortest distance is

d= ∣AB→⋅w∣∣w∣= ∣−20−1∣30= 2130.\begin{align*} d=&\,\frac{|\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\mathbf w|}{|\mathbf w|}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{|-20-1|}{\sqrt{30}}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac{21}{\sqrt{30}}}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

上一问的共同垂直方向正是所求平面的法向量,再代入第一直线上的点。

答题过程

展开

The plane has normal (5,−2,−1)(5,-2,-1) from (a) and contains (1,4,−1)(1,4,-1). Hence

5x−2y−z=5−8+1,5x-2y-z=5-8+1,

so

Π1: 5x−2y−z=−2.\boxed{\Pi_1:\ 5x-2y-z=-2}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

第二平面包含交线的方向,也包含两个给定点之间的方向。这两个向量叉积给法向量。

答题过程

展开

The points E=(0,0,2)E=(0,0,2) and F=(1,1,1)F=(1,1,1) lie on Π2\Pi_2, so EF→=(1,1,−1)\overrightarrow{EF}=(1,1,-1) lies in the plane. Another direction is that of the intersection line, (1,4,−3)(1,4,-3).

A normal is

(1,1,−1)×(1,4,−3)=(1,2,3).(1,1,-1)\times(1,4,-3)=(1,2,3).

Using F=(1,1,1)F=(1,1,1) gives

Π2: x+2y+3z=6.\boxed{\Pi_2:\ x+2y+3z=6}.

As a check, EE satisfies both plane equations, and (1,4,−3)(1,4,-3) is perpendicular to both normals, as required for their common line.