题目
The sequence , , , is such that and for .
(a) Prove by induction that for all positive integers .
(b) Deduce that is divisible by for .
题目中文翻译
数列 、、、 满足 ,且当 时,。
(a) 用数学归纳法证明:对所有正整数 ,。
(b) 由此推得,当 时, 能被 整除。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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完整写出初项验证、归纳假设,以及代入递推式得到下一项。
答题过程
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For , , so the statement holds.
Assume that for some positive integer . Then, using the recurrence,
Thus the result holds for . By mathematical induction, for every positive integer .
(b)
解法一
思路
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承接(a),分子是平方差,因式分解后商为整数。
答题过程
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Using (a),
Since is an integer, for every .