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CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 14 Q4

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 14 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The cubic equation x3+bx2+cx−1=0x^3+bx^2+cx-1=0, where bb and cc are constants, has roots α\alpha, β\beta, γ\gamma.

It is given that the matrix (1αβα1γβγ1)\begin{pmatrix}1&\alpha&\beta\\\alpha&1&\gamma\\\beta&\gamma&1\end{pmatrix} is singular.

(a) Show that α2+β2+γ2=3\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2=3.

(4)

(b) It is given that α3+β3+γ3=3\alpha^3+\beta^3+\gamma^3=3 and that the constants bb and cc are positive.

Find the values of bb and cc.

(6)
题目中文翻译

三次方程 x3+bx2+cx−1=0x^3+bx^2+cx-1=0 的根为 α\alpha、β\beta、γ\gamma,其中 bb 和 cc 为常数。

已知矩阵 (1αβα1γβγ1)\begin{pmatrix}1&\alpha&\beta\\\alpha&1&\gamma\\\beta&\gamma&1\end{pmatrix} 为奇异矩阵。

(a) 证明 α2+β2+γ2=3\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2=3。

(4)

(b) 已知 α3+β3+γ3=3\alpha^3+\beta^3+\gamma^3=3,且常数 bb 和 cc 均为正数。

求 bb 和 cc 的值。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

奇异矩阵行列式为零,展开后出现平方和及三根之积。韦达定理给三根之积为1。

答题过程

展开

By Vieta’s formulae for x3+bx2+cx−1=0x^3+bx^2+cx-1=0,

αβγ=1.\alpha\beta\gamma=1.

Since the given matrix is singular,

0= (1−γ2)−α(α−βγ) +β(αγ−β)= 1−α2−β2−γ2+2αβγ= 3−α2−β2−γ2.\begin{align*} 0=&\,(1-\gamma^2)-\alpha(\alpha-\beta\gamma)\\[4mm] &\,+\beta(\alpha\gamma-\beta)\\[4mm] =&\,1-\alpha^2-\beta^2-\gamma^2+2\alpha\beta\gamma\\[4mm] =&\,3-\alpha^2-\beta^2-\gamma^2. \end{align*}

Therefore α2+β2+γ2=3\boxed{\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2=3}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先用根的平方和联系b与c;再把三根分别代入原三次式并相加,利用已知的立方和求c。正数条件决定b的符号。

答题过程

展开

Vieta’s formulae give

α+β+γ= −b,αβ+βγ+γα= c.\begin{align*} \alpha+\beta+\gamma=&\,-b,\\[4mm] \alpha\beta+\beta\gamma+\gamma\alpha=&\,c. \end{align*}

Using (a),

3= (α+β+γ)2 −2(αβ+βγ+γα)= b2−2c.\begin{align*} 3=&\,(\alpha+\beta+\gamma)^2\\[4mm] &\,-2(\alpha\beta+\beta\gamma+\gamma\alpha)\\[4mm] =&\,b^2-2c. \end{align*}

Each root satisfies the cubic. Adding the three resulting equations gives

0= (α3+β3+γ3)+b(α2+β2+γ2) +c(α+β+γ)−3= 3+3b−bc−3= b(3−c).\begin{align*} 0=&\,(\alpha^3+\beta^3+\gamma^3) +b(\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2)\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+c(\alpha+\beta+\gamma)-3\\[4mm] =&\,3+3b-bc-3\\[4mm] =&\,b(3-c). \end{align*}

Since b>0b>0, we obtain c=3c=3. Then b2=3+2(3)=9b^2=3+2(3)=9, and b>0b>0 gives

b=3,c=3.\boxed{b=3,\qquad c=3}.