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CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 14 Q5

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 14 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The matrix M\mathbf{M} represents a sequence of two transformations in the xx-yy plane given by a one-way stretch in the xx-direction, scale factor 33, followed by a reflection in the line y=xy=x.

(a) Find M\mathbf{M}.

(3)

(b) Give full details of the geometrical transformation in the xx-yy plane represented by M−1\mathbf{M}^{-1}.

(3)

The matrix N\mathbf{N} is such that MN=(1232)\mathbf{MN}=\begin{pmatrix}1&2\\3&2\end{pmatrix}.

(c) Find N\mathbf{N}.

(3)

(d) Find the equations of the invariant lines, through the origin, of the transformation in the xx-yy plane represented by MN\mathbf{MN}.

(5)
题目中文翻译

矩阵 M\mathbf{M} 表示在 xx-yy 平面上依次进行的两个变换:先沿 xx 方向单向拉伸,比例因子为 33,再关于直线 y=xy=x 反射。

(a) 求 M\mathbf{M}。

(3)

(b) 完整描述矩阵 M−1\mathbf{M}^{-1} 所表示的 xx-yy 平面上的几何变换。

(3)

矩阵 N\mathbf{N} 满足 MN=(1232)\mathbf{MN}=\begin{pmatrix}1&2\\3&2\end{pmatrix}。

(c) 求 N\mathbf{N}。

(3)

(d) 求矩阵 MN\mathbf{MN} 所表示的 xx-yy 平面上的变换中,经过原点的不变直线的方程。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

列向量约定下,先做的拉伸矩阵放右边,反射矩阵放左边。

答题过程

展开

The stretch and reflection have matrices

S= (3001),R= (0110).\begin{align*} \mathbf S=&\,\begin{pmatrix}3&0\\0&1\end{pmatrix},\\[4mm] \mathbf R=&\,\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}

Therefore

M=RS=(0130).\boxed{\mathbf M=\mathbf R\mathbf S =\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\3&0\end{pmatrix}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

逆变换把两步的先后倒转,并把拉伸因子取倒数;反射的逆仍是同一反射。

答题过程

展开 M−1=S−1R−1=(1/3001)(0110).\mathbf M^{-1}=\mathbf S^{-1}\mathbf R^{-1} =\begin{pmatrix}1/3&0\\0&1\end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}0&1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}.

Thus the inverse consists of a reflection in y=xy=x, followed by a one-way stretch in the xx-direction with scale factor 13\frac13.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

在等式左边左乘M的逆矩阵,不能随意交换矩阵次序。

答题过程

展开 M−1= (01/310),N= M−1(1232)= (12/312).\begin{align*} \mathbf M^{-1}=&\,\begin{pmatrix}0&1/3\\1&0\end{pmatrix},\\[4mm] \mathbf N=&\,\mathbf M^{-1}\begin{pmatrix}1&2\\3&2\end{pmatrix}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\begin{pmatrix}1&2/3\\1&2\end{pmatrix}}. \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

不变直线上的点变换后仍在原直线上,因此斜率不变。另查斜率法没有涵盖的竖直线。

答题过程

展开

A point (x,mx)(x,mx) on y=mxy=mx is mapped by MN\mathbf{MN} to

(x′,y′)=((1+2m)x,(3+2m)x).(x',y')=((1+2m)x,(3+2m)x).

For the line to be invariant, y′=mx′y'=mx', so

3+2m= m(1+2m),2m2−m−3= 0,(2m−3)(m+1)= 0.\begin{align*} 3+2m=&\,m(1+2m),\\[4mm] 2m^2-m-3=&\,0,\\[4mm] (2m-3)(m+1)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus m=32m=\frac32 or m=−1m=-1. Neither gives 1+2m=01+2m=0, so each maps onto the same line.

The vertical line is not invariant: (0,y)(0,y) maps to (2y,2y)(2y,2y).

Hence the required lines are

y=32xandy=−x.\boxed{y=\frac32x\quad\text{and}\quad y=-x}.