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CIE 9231 2022 November Paper 12 Q5

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2022 Nov Paper 12 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The curve CC has polar equation r=asec⁡2θr=a\sec^2\theta, where aa is a positive constant and 0≤θ≤14π0\le\theta\le\frac14\pi.

(a) Sketch CC, stating the polar coordinates of the point of intersection of CC with the initial line and also with the half-line θ=14π\theta=\frac14\pi.

(3)

(b) Find the maximum distance of a point of CC from the initial line.

(2)

(c) Find the area of the region enclosed by CC, the initial line and the half-line θ=14π\theta=\frac14\pi.

(4)

(d) Find, in the form y=f(x)y=\mathrm f(x), the Cartesian equation of CC.

(3)
题目中文翻译

曲线 CC 的极坐标方程为 r=asec⁡2θr=a\sec^2\theta,其中 aa 为正常数,且 0≤θ≤14π0\le\theta\le\frac14\pi。

(a) 画出 CC 的草图,写出 CC 与极轴的交点,以及与射线 θ=14π\theta=\frac14\pi 的交点的极坐标。

(3)

(b) 求 CC 上的点到极轴的最大距离。

(2)

(c) 求由 CC、极轴和射线 θ=14π\theta=\frac14\pi 所围区域的面积。

(4)

(d) 求 CC 的直角坐标方程,写成 y=f(x)y=\mathrm f(x) 的形式。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

极径随θ增加,从a增至2a;横纵坐标都增加,起点切线竖直。角区间只截取第一象限一段。

答题过程

展开

For r=asec⁡2θr=a\sec^2\theta on 0⩽θ⩽π/40\leqslant\theta\leqslant\pi/4,

r(0)=a,r(π/4)=2a.r(0)=a,\qquad r(\pi/4)=2a.

For θ>0\theta>0,

drdθ=2asec⁡2θtan⁡θ>0.\frac{\mathrm{d}r}{\mathrm{d}\theta}=2a\sec^2\theta\tan\theta>0.

Thus the polar coordinates of the required intersections are

(a,0)and(2a,π/4).\boxed{(a,0)\quad\text{and}\quad(2a,\pi/4)}.

Sketch an increasing first-quadrant arc from Cartesian point (a,0)(a,0) to (a2,a2)(a\sqrt2,a\sqrt2), with vertical tangent at its starting point and positive gradient thereafter. Label the initial line and the boundary half-line θ=π/4\theta=\pi/4.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

到极轴的距离是纵坐标,极径与正弦都在该区间增加,所以最大值在终点。

答题过程

展开

The distance is y=rsin⁡θ=asec⁡2θsin⁡θy=r\sin\theta=a\sec^2\theta\sin\theta. Both nonnegative factors increase on [0,π/4][0,\pi/4], so the maximum is attained at θ=π/4\theta=\pi/4.

Hence the maximum distance is

ymax⁡=2asin⁡(π/4)=a2.\boxed{y_{\max}=2a\sin(\pi/4)=a\sqrt2}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

面积积分包含正割四次,用正切替换一个正割平方,再令u为正切即可。

答题过程

展开 A=a22∫0π/4sec⁡4θ dθ.A=\frac{a^2}{2}\int_0^{\pi/4}\sec^4\theta\,\mathrm{d}\theta.

Using sec⁡2θ=1+tan⁡2θ\sec^2\theta=1+\tan^2\theta, put u=tan⁡θu=\tan\theta, so du=sec⁡2θ dθ\mathrm{d}u=\sec^2\theta\,\mathrm{d}\theta and the limits become 0,10,1. Then

A= a22∫01(1+u2) du= a22[u+13u3]01= 23a2.\begin{align*} A=&\,\frac{a^2}{2}\int_0^1(1+u^2)\,\mathrm{d}u\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{a^2}{2}\big[u+\tfrac13u^3\big]_0^1\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac23a^2}. \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

用x等于r乘余弦,得到x=a乘正割,再以正切表示y。由于角在第一象限,只取非负平方根并给出横坐标范围。

答题过程

展开

Since

x=rcos⁡θ=asec⁡θ,x=r\cos\theta=a\sec\theta,

we have a⩽x⩽a2a\leqslant x\leqslant a\sqrt2. Also

y=rsin⁡θ=xtan⁡θ.y=r\sin\theta=x\tan\theta.

Using tan⁡θ⩾0\tan\theta\geqslant0,

tan⁡θ=sec⁡2θ−1=x2a2−1.\tan\theta=\sqrt{\sec^2\theta-1} =\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{a^2}-1}.

Therefore

y=xx2a2−1.\boxed{y=x\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{a^2}-1}}.

The required portion has a⩽x⩽a2a\leqslant x\leqslant a\sqrt2.