题目
The matrix is given by , where is a constant and and .
(a) The matrix represents a sequence of two geometrical transformations. State the type of each transformation, and make clear the order in which they are applied.
The unit square in the – plane is transformed by onto parallelogram .
(b) Find, in terms of , the area of parallelogram and the matrix which transforms onto the unit square.
(c) Show that the line through the origin with gradient is invariant under the transformation in the – plane represented by .
题目中文翻译
矩阵 为 ,其中 为常数,且 、。
(a) 矩阵 表示依次进行的两个几何变换。写出每个变换的类型,并明确指出它们的施行顺序。
– 平面内的单位正方形经 变换后成为平行四边形 。
(b) 用 表示平行四边形 的面积,以及将 变换为单位正方形的矩阵。
(c) 证明,在 – 平面内,经过原点且斜率为 的直线在 所表示的变换下保持不变。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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右侧矩阵先作用,先剪切,后拉伸。题目只要求类型与次序,可在描述中顺便明确两矩阵的几何含义。
答题过程
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The transformation is a shear followed by a stretch.
The shear fixes the -axis and maps to . The subsequent stretch is parallel to the -axis with scale factor .
(b)
解法一
思路
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面积倍率取行列式绝对值,不能把负k当作负面积。逆矩阵按两行两列的标准公式计算。
答题过程
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The combined matrix is
Thus . Since the original square has area , the parallelogram has area .
As , a matrix taking the parallelogram back onto the unit square is
(c)
解法一
思路
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直接取所给直线上的一般点,证明其像等于该点向量乘k。k非零保证整条直线映回自身。
答题过程
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A general point on the given line has position vector . Its image is
Thus the image satisfies . Since , the image covers the same line, proving it is invariant.