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CIE 9231 2023 November Paper 13 Q6

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2023 Nov Paper 13 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

(a) Show that the curve with Cartesian equation

(x−12)2+y2=14\bigg(x-\frac12\bigg)^2+y^2=\frac14

has polar equation r=cos⁡θr=\cos\theta.

(3)

The curves C1C_1 and C2C_2 have polar equations

r=cos⁡θandr=sin⁡2θr=\cos\theta\quad\text{and}\quad r=\sin2\theta

respectively, where 0⩽θ⩽12π0\leqslant\theta\leqslant\frac12\pi. The curves C1C_1 and C2C_2 intersect at the pole and at another point PP.

(b) Find the polar coordinates of PP.

(3)

(c) In a single diagram sketch C1C_1 and C2C_2, clearly identifying each curve, and mark the point PP.

(3)

(d) The region RR is enclosed by C1C_1 and C2C_2 and includes the line OPOP.

Find, in exact form, the area of RR.

(6)
题目中文翻译

(a) 证明:笛卡尔方程为

(x−12)2+y2=14\bigg(x-\frac12\bigg)^2+y^2=\frac14

的曲线,其极坐标方程为 r=cos⁡θr=\cos\theta。

(3)

曲线 C1C_1 和 C2C_2 的极坐标方程分别为

r= cos⁡θ,r= sin⁡2θ.\begin{align*} r=&\,\cos\theta,\\ r=&\,\sin2\theta. \end{align*}

其中 0⩽θ⩽12π0\leqslant\theta\leqslant\frac12\pi。曲线 C1C_1 和 C2C_2 相交于极点和另一个点 PP。

(b) 求 PP 的极坐标。

(3)

(c) 在同一张图上画出 C1C_1 和 C2C_2 的草图,清楚标明每条曲线,并标出点 PP。

(3)

(d) 区域 RR 由 C1C_1 和 C2C_2 围成,且包含线段 OPOP。

求 RR 的面积,以精确形式表示。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

展开圆的方程后用r平方与横坐标的极坐标表达,再保留极点。

答题过程

展开

Expanding the Cartesian equation gives

x2−x+y2=0.x^2-x+y^2=0.

Substituting x=rcos⁡θx=r\cos\theta and x2+y2=r2x^2+y^2=r^2,

r2−rcos⁡θ=0⟹r(r−cos⁡θ)=0.r^2-r\cos\theta=0 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad r(r-\cos\theta)=0.

For non-pole points, r≠0r\ne0, so r=cos⁡θ\boxed{r=\cos\theta}. The pole is also represented, for example at θ=π/2\theta=\pi/2, so it is retained.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

除去极点后cosθ非零,可以约去该因子。解出角度后代回任一极径式。

答题过程

展开

At a common point,

cos⁡θ=sin⁡2θ=2sin⁡θcos⁡θ.\cos\theta=\sin2\theta=2\sin\theta\cos\theta.

For PP the point is not the pole, so r=cos⁡θ≠0r=\cos\theta\ne0. Dividing by cos⁡θ\cos\theta gives sin⁡θ=1/2\sin\theta=1/2.

In 0⩽θ⩽π/20\leqslant\theta\leqslant\pi/2, this gives θ=π/6\theta=\pi/6 and r=cos⁡(π/6)=3/2r=\cos(\pi/6)=\sqrt3/2. Therefore

P=(32,π6).\boxed{P=\big(\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2},\tfrac\pi6\big)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

给定角区间内,第一条曲线只画圆的上半圆;第二条曲线只画第一象限一个环,标明两条曲线及交点。

答题过程

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Sketch C1C_1 as the upper semicircle with centre (1/2,0)(1/2,0) and radius 1/21/2, running from (1,0)(1,0) to the pole.

Sketch C2C_2 as one first-quadrant loop, starting at the pole with horizontal tangent and returning to the pole with vertical tangent. Its maximum radius is 11 at θ=π/4\theta=\pi/4.

Label both curves and mark their non-pole intersection P=(3/2,π/6)P=(\sqrt3/2,\pi/6); in Cartesian coordinates this is (3/4,3/4)(3/4,\sqrt3/4).

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

包含OP的区域是两曲线公共部分。OP两侧的外边界不同:小角度由正弦环限制,大角度由圆限制,因此分段积分相加。

答题过程

展开

For 0⩽θ⩽π/60\leqslant\theta\leqslant\pi/6, sin⁡2θ⩽cos⁡θ\sin2\theta\leqslant\cos\theta. For π/6⩽θ⩽π/2\pi/6\leqslant\theta\leqslant\pi/2, cos⁡θ⩽sin⁡2θ\cos\theta\leqslant\sin2\theta. Thus the common region containing OPOP has area

A= 12∫0π/6sin⁡22θ dθ +12∫π/6π/2cos⁡2θ dθ.\begin{align*} A=&\,\frac12\int_0^{\pi/6}\sin^22\theta\,\mathrm{d}\theta\\[4mm] &\,+\frac12\int_{\pi/6}^{\pi/2}\cos^2\theta\,\mathrm{d}\theta. \end{align*}

Using the double-angle identities,

 12∫0π/6sin⁡22θ dθ= [14θ−116sin⁡4θ]0π/6= π24−332, 12∫π/6π/2cos⁡2θ dθ= [14θ+18sin⁡2θ]π/6π/2= π12−316.\begin{align*} &\,\frac12\int_0^{\pi/6}\sin^22\theta\,\mathrm{d}\theta\\[4mm] =&\,\big[\tfrac14\theta-\tfrac1{16}\sin4\theta\big]_0^{\pi/6}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac\pi{24}-\frac{\sqrt3}{32},\\[4mm] &\,\frac12\int_{\pi/6}^{\pi/2}\cos^2\theta\,\mathrm{d}\theta\\[4mm] =&\,\big[\tfrac14\theta+\tfrac18\sin2\theta\big]_{\pi/6}^{\pi/2}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac\pi{12}-\frac{\sqrt3}{16}. \end{align*}

Adding gives

A=π8−3332.\boxed{A=\frac\pi8-\frac{3\sqrt3}{32}}.