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CIE 9231 2024 November Paper 12 Q2

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2024 Nov Paper 12 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

The line l1l_1 has equation r=i+3j−k+λ(i−j−4k)\mathbf{r}=\mathbf{i}+3\mathbf{j}-\mathbf{k}+\lambda(\mathbf{i}-\mathbf{j}-4\mathbf{k}).

The plane Π\Pi contains l1l_1 and is parallel to the vector 2i+5j−4k2\mathbf{i}+5\mathbf{j}-4\mathbf{k}.

(a) Find the equation of Π\Pi, giving your answer in the form ax+by+cz=dax+by+cz=d.

(4)

The line l2l_2 is parallel to the vector 5i−5j−2k5\mathbf{i}-5\mathbf{j}-2\mathbf{k}.

(b) Find the acute angle between l2l_2 and Π\Pi.

(3)
题目中文翻译

直线 l1l_1 的方程为 r=i+3j−k+λ(i−j−4k)\mathbf{r}=\mathbf{i}+3\mathbf{j}-\mathbf{k}+\lambda(\mathbf{i}-\mathbf{j}-4\mathbf{k})。

平面 Π\Pi 包含 l1l_1,且平行于向量 2i+5j−4k2\mathbf{i}+5\mathbf{j}-4\mathbf{k}。

(a) 求 Π\Pi 的方程,答案写成 ax+by+cz=dax+by+cz=d 的形式。

(4)

直线 l2l_2 平行于向量 5i−5j−2k5\mathbf{i}-5\mathbf{j}-2\mathbf{k}。

(b) 求 l2l_2 与 Π\Pi 之间的锐角。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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平面内两条方向的叉积给法向量,再代入所给直线上的点。

答题过程

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The plane has direction vectors (1,−1,−4)(1,-1,-4) and (2,5,−4)(2,5,-4). A normal is

∣ijk1−1−425−4∣=(24,−4,7).\begin{vmatrix} \mathbf i&\mathbf j&\mathbf k\\ 1&-1&-4\\2&5&-4 \end{vmatrix} =(24,-4,7).

The point (1,3,−1)(1,3,-1) lies on l1l_1, so the plane is

24x−4y+7z=24−12−7.24x-4y+7z=24-12-7.

Therefore

24x−4y+7z=5.\boxed{24x-4y+7z=5}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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直线与平面夹角用直线方向与法向量点积的绝对值求正弦,避免误答余角。

答题过程

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The direction of l2l_2 is u=(5,−5,−2)\mathbf u=(5,-5,-2) and a normal to Π\Pi is n=(24,−4,7)\mathbf n=(24,-4,7).

If ϕ\phi is the acute angle between the line and the plane, then

sin⁡ϕ= ∣u⋅n∣∣u∣∣n∣= ∣120+20−14∣54641= 12654641.\begin{align*} \sin\phi=&\,\frac{|\mathbf u\cdot\mathbf n|}{|\mathbf u||\mathbf n|}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{|120+20-14|}{\sqrt{54}\sqrt{641}}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{126}{\sqrt{54}\sqrt{641}}. \end{align*}

Thus ϕ≈42.6∘\boxed{\phi\approx42.6^\circ}.