题目
Problem
It is given that Sn=r=1∑nur, where ur=xf(r)−xf(r+1) and x>0.
(a) Find Sn in terms of n, x and the function f.
(2)
(b) Given that f(r)=lnr, find the set of values of x for which the infinite series
u1+u2+u3+…
is convergent and give the sum to infinity when this exists.
(3)
(c) Given instead that f(r)=2logxr where x=1, use standard results from the List of formulae (MF19) to find n=1∑NSn in terms of N. Fully factorise your answer.
(4)
题目中文翻译
已知 Sn=r=1∑nur,其中 ur=xf(r)−xf(r+1),且 x>0。
(a) 求 Sn,以 n、x 和函数 f 表示。
(2)
(b) 已知 f(r)=lnr,求使无穷级数
u1+u2+u3+…
收敛的 x 的取值集合,并在无穷和存在时给出该无穷和。
(3)
(c) 现在改为已知 f(r)=2logxr,其中 x=1。利用公式表(MF19)中的标准结果,求 n=1∑NSn,以 N 表示,并将答案完全因式分解。
(4)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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展开相邻差的前三项与末三项,首尾以外全部抵消。
答题过程
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Sn==(xf(1)−xf(2))+(xf(2)−xf(3))+(xf(3)−xf(4))+⋯+(xf(n−2)−xf(n−1))+(xf(n−1)−xf(n))+(xf(n)−xf(n+1))xf(1)−xf(n+1).
The displayed pattern is for sufficiently large n; the same cancellation formula holds directly for smaller positive n.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
把幂改写成以e为底,收敛取决于ln x的正负。x=1时每一项为零,必须另列其和。
答题过程
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Here f(1)=0, so (a) gives
Sn=1−xln(n+1)=1−(n+1)lnx.
For 0<x<1, lnx<0 and (n+1)lnx→0, so the sum to infinity is 1.
For x=1, every term ur=0, and the sum is 0.
For x>1, lnx>0 and (n+1)lnx→∞, so the partial sums have no finite limit.
Thus the convergence set is 0<x⩽1, with
S∞={1,0,0<x<1,x=1.
(c)
解法一
思路
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利用以x为底的对数与指数互逆,把每项幂化为整数平方,再调用平方和与自然数和公式。
答题过程
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Since x>0 and x=1,
xf(r)=x2logxr=r2.
Thus (a) gives Sn=1−(n+1)2=−n2−2n. Using the standard sum formulae,
n=1∑NSn===−n=1∑Nn2−2n=1∑Nn−6N(N+1)(2N+1)−N(N+1)−61N(N+1)(2N+7).