题目
The matrices and are given by
(a) Give full details of the geometrical transformation in the - plane represented by .
(b) Give full details of the geometrical transformation in the - plane represented by .
The triangle in the - plane is transformed by onto triangle .
(c) Show that the triangles and have the same area.
(d) Find the equations of the invariant lines, through the origin, of the transformation in the - plane represented by .
题目中文翻译
矩阵 和 为
(a) 完整描述 所表示的 - 平面上的几何变换。
(b) 完整描述 所表示的 - 平面上的几何变换。
- 平面上的三角形 经 变换后得到三角形 。
(c) 证明三角形 和 的面积相同。
(d) 求 所表示的 - 平面上的变换中,经过原点的不变直线的方程。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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矩阵使x增加原y的1.5倍、y不变,属于固定横轴的错切。
答题过程
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The transformation is a shear with the -axis fixed, mapping to . In coordinates it is
(b)
解法一
思路
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矩阵使y增加原x的1.5倍、x不变,属于固定纵轴的错切。
答题过程
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The transformation is a shear with the -axis fixed, mapping to . In coordinates it is
(c)
解法一
思路
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面积倍数是复合变换行列式的绝对值,可以用两个行列式相乘计算。
答题过程
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The area scale factor is
Hence triangle has the same area as triangle .
(d)
解法一
思路
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先求复合矩阵,再设过原点的不变直线为y=mx,要求像点仍满足同一斜率关系。
答题过程
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Multiplying,
For a point on an invariant line, its image satisfies
Thus
The vertical line is not invariant, since the image of has first coordinate . Therefore the invariant lines are