题目
Problem
The quartic equation x4+x3+x2+x+1=0 has roots α, β, γ, δ.
(a) Show that a quartic equation with roots 2α+1, 2β+1, 2γ+1, 2δ+1 is
y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11=0.
(4)
The sum (2α+1)n+(2β+1)n+(2γ+1)n+(2δ+1)n is denoted by Sn.
(b) Find the value of S2.
(2)
(c) Given that S3=−22, find the value of S4.
(2)
题目中文翻译
四次方程 x4+x3+x2+x+1=0 的根为 α、β、γ、δ。
(a) 证明一个以 2α+1、2β+1、2γ+1、2δ+1 为根的四次方程为
y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11=0.
(4)
将和 (2α+1)n+(2β+1)n+(2γ+1)n+(2δ+1)n 记为 Sn。
(b) 求 S2 的值。
(2)
(c) 已知 S3=−22,求 S4 的值。
(2)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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把新根关系y=2x+1反解代入原方程,乘16清分母,再展开整理。
答题过程
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Put y=2x+1, so x=(y−1)/2. Substitution and multiplication by 16 give
(y−1)4+2(y−1)3+4(y−1)2+8(y−1)+16=0.
Expanding,
0==y4−4y3+6y2−4y+1+2y3−6y2+6y−2+4y2−8y+4+8y−8+16y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11.
Hence the required quartic is
y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11=0,
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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新方程的根和为2,两两乘积和为4,用它们求平方和。
答题过程
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By Vieta’s formulae, the sum of the four new roots is S1=2 and their pairwise-product sum is 4. Thus
S2=S12−2(4)=4−8=−4.
(c)
解法一
思路
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将新根各自满足的四次方程相加,常数11要累加四次。
答题过程
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Each new root y satisfies y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11=0. Summing over all four roots gives
S4−2S3+4S2+2S1+44=0.
Using S3=−22, S2=−4 and S1=2,
S4+44−16+4+44=S4=0,−76.