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CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 11 Q4

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 11 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The quartic equation x4+x3+x2+x+1=0x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1=0 has roots α\alpha, β\beta, γ\gamma, δ\delta.

(a) Show that a quartic equation with roots 2α+12\alpha+1, 2β+12\beta+1, 2γ+12\gamma+1, 2δ+12\delta+1 is

y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11=0.y^4-2y^3+4y^2+2y+11=0.
(4)

The sum (2α+1)n+(2β+1)n+(2γ+1)n+(2δ+1)n(2\alpha+1)^n+(2\beta+1)^n+(2\gamma+1)^n+(2\delta+1)^n is denoted by SnS_n.

(b) Find the value of S2S_2.

(2)

(c) Given that S3=−22S_3=-22, find the value of S4S_4.

(2)

题目中文翻译

四次方程 x4+x3+x2+x+1=0x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1=0 的根为 α\alpha、β\beta、γ\gamma、δ\delta。

(a) 证明一个以 2α+12\alpha+1、2β+12\beta+1、2γ+12\gamma+1、2δ+12\delta+1 为根的四次方程为

y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11=0.y^4-2y^3+4y^2+2y+11=0.
(4)

将和 (2α+1)n+(2β+1)n+(2γ+1)n+(2δ+1)n(2\alpha+1)^n+(2\beta+1)^n+(2\gamma+1)^n+(2\delta+1)^n 记为 SnS_n。

(b) 求 S2S_2 的值。

(2)

(c) 已知 S3=−22S_3=-22,求 S4S_4 的值。

(2)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

把新根关系y=2x+1反解代入原方程,乘16清分母,再展开整理。

答题过程

展开

Put y=2x+1y=2x+1, so x=(y−1)/2x=(y-1)/2. Substitution and multiplication by 1616 give

 (y−1)4+2(y−1)3+4(y−1)2 +8(y−1)+16=0.\begin{align*} &\,(y-1)^4+2(y-1)^3+4(y-1)^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+8(y-1)+16=0. \end{align*}

Expanding,

0= y4−4y3+6y2−4y+1 +2y3−6y2+6y−2 +4y2−8y+4 +8y−8+16= y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11.\begin{align*} 0=&\,y^4-4y^3+6y^2-4y+1 \\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+2y^3-6y^2+6y-2 \\[4mm] &\,\hspace{4pt}+4y^2-8y+4\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{6pt}+8y-8+16 \\[4mm] =&\,y^4-2y^3+4y^2+2y+11. \end{align*}

Hence the required quartic is

y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11=0,\boxed{y^4-2y^3+4y^2+2y+11=0},

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

新方程的根和为2,两两乘积和为4,用它们求平方和。

答题过程

展开

By Vieta’s formulae, the sum of the four new roots is S1=2S_1=2 and their pairwise-product sum is 44. Thus

S2=S12−2(4)=4−8=−4.S_2=S_1^2-2(4)=4-8=\boxed{-4}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

将新根各自满足的四次方程相加,常数11要累加四次。

答题过程

展开

Each new root yy satisfies y4−2y3+4y2+2y+11=0y^4-2y^3+4y^2+2y+11=0. Summing over all four roots gives

S4−2S3+4S2+2S1+44=0.S_4-2S_3+4S_2+2S_1+44=0.

Using S3=−22S_3=-22, S2=−4S_2=-4 and S1=2S_1=2,

S4+44−16+4+44= 0,S4= −76.\begin{align*} S_4+44-16+4+44=&\,0,\\[4mm] S_4=&\,\boxed{-76}. \end{align*}