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CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 12 Q2

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 12 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

The cubic equation x3+bx2+cx+d=0x^3+bx^2+cx+d=0, where bb, cc and dd are constants, has roots α\alpha, β\beta and γ\gamma. It is given that

α+β+γ= 2,α2+β2+γ2= 3,α4+β4+γ4= 5.\begin{align*} \alpha+\beta+\gamma=&\,2,\\ \alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2=&\,3,\\ \alpha^4+\beta^4+\gamma^4=&\,5. \end{align*}

(a) Find the values of bb and cc.

(3)

(b) Find the value of dd.

(5)

题目中文翻译

三次方程 x3+bx2+cx+d=0x^3+bx^2+cx+d=0 的根为 α\alpha、β\beta 和 γ\gamma,其中 bb、cc 和 dd 是常数。已知

α+β+γ= 2,α2+β2+γ2= 3,α4+β4+γ4= 5.\begin{align*} \alpha+\beta+\gamma=&\,2,\\ \alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2=&\,3,\\ \alpha^4+\beta^4+\gamma^4=&\,5. \end{align*}

(a) 求 bb 和 cc 的值。

(3)

(b) 求 dd 的值。

(5)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先用根和求b,再用平方和与两两乘积和的关系求c。

答题过程

展开

By Vieta’s formulae,

α+β+γ=−b=2,b=−2.\alpha+\beta+\gamma=-b=2, \qquad\boxed{b=-2}.

Also αβ+βγ+γα=c\alpha\beta+\beta\gamma+\gamma\alpha=c, so

3=(α+β+γ)2−2c=4−2c.3=(\alpha+\beta+\gamma)^2-2c=4-2c.

Thus c=1/2\boxed{c=1/2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

令S下标j表示三根的j次方和。先由原方程求S3关于d的式,再把方程乘根后求和,用已知S4消去。

答题过程

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Let Sj=αj+βj+γjS_j=\alpha^j+\beta^j+\gamma^j. Each root zz satisfies

z3−2z2+12z+d=0.z^3-2z^2+\frac12z+d=0.

Summing over the three roots,

S3−2S2+12S1+3d=0,S_3-2S_2+\frac12S_1+3d=0,

so S3=2(3)−(1/2)(2)−3d=5−3dS_3=2(3)-(1/2)(2)-3d=5-3d.

Multiplying the root equation by zz and summing gives

S4−2S3+12S2+dS1=0.S_4-2S_3+\frac12S_2+dS_1=0.

Hence

5−2(5−3d)+12(3)+2d= 0,8d−72= 0.\begin{align*} 5-2(5-3d)+\frac12(3)+2d=&\,0, \\[4mm] 8d-\frac72=&\,0. \end{align*}

Therefore d=7/16\boxed{d=7/16}.