题目
Problem
The cubic equation x3+bx2+cx+d=0, where d=0, has roots α, β, γ such that γ=β1.
(a) Show that β+β1=d−b.
(3)
(b) Show also that β+β1=d1−c.
(2)
(c) It is given that b=3, c=−3 and d>0.
(i) Find the value of d.
(2)
(ii) Find the value of α2+β2+γ2.
(2)
题目中文翻译
三次方程 x3+bx2+cx+d=0 的根为 α、β、γ,其中 d=0,且 γ=β1。
(a) 证明 β+β1=d−b。
(3)
(b) 再证明 β+β1=d1−c。
(2)
(c) 已知 b=3、c=−3 且 d>0。
(i) 求 d 的值。
(2)
(ii) 求 α2+β2+γ2 的值。
(2)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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倒数的两根乘积为1,所以根的总乘积直接给出α,再用根和。
答题过程
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Since γ=1/β, we have βγ=1. By Vieta’s formulae,
αβγ=−d,α=−d.
Also α+β+γ=−b, so
−d+β+β1=−b.
Hence β+β1=d−b, as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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用两两乘积和,再代入α=−d以及βγ=1。除以d合法,因为题目给出非零。
答题过程
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Vieta’s formula gives
αβ+βγ+γα=c.
Substituting α=−d and γ=1/β,
−dβ+1−βd=c.
Since d=0, this rearranges to
β+β1=d1−c,
as required.
(c)(i)
解法一
思路
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把前两小题表示同一根和的式子相等,再用d为正舍去负根。
答题过程
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Equating (a) and (b) with b=3, c=−3,
d−3=d4,d2−3d−4=0.
Thus (d−4)(d+1)=0. Since d>0, d=4.
(c)(ii)
解法一
思路
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平方和由根和与两两乘积和确定,不必分别求出三个根。
答题过程
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Let S1=α+β+γ and S2=α2+β2+γ2. By Vieta’s formulae, S1=−b and αβ+βγ+γα=c. Hence
S2==S12−2cb2−2c=9+6=15.