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CIE 9231 2025 November Paper 14 Q2

A Level / CIE / FP1

CIE 9231 2025 Nov Paper 14 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

The cubic equation x3+bx2+cx+d=0x^3+bx^2+cx+d=0, where d≠0d\ne0, has roots α\alpha, β\beta, γ\gamma such that γ=1β\gamma=\dfrac1\beta.

(a) Show that β+1β=d−b\beta+\dfrac1\beta=d-b.

(3)

(b) Show also that β+1β=1−cd\beta+\dfrac1\beta=\dfrac{1-c}{d}.

(2)

(c) It is given that b=3b=3, c=−3c=-3 and d>0d>0.

(i) Find the value of dd.

(2)

(ii) Find the value of α2+β2+γ2\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2.

(2)

题目中文翻译

三次方程 x3+bx2+cx+d=0x^3+bx^2+cx+d=0 的根为 α\alpha、β\beta、γ\gamma,其中 d≠0d\ne0,且 γ=1β\gamma=\dfrac1\beta。

(a) 证明 β+1β=d−b\beta+\dfrac1\beta=d-b。

(3)

(b) 再证明 β+1β=1−cd\beta+\dfrac1\beta=\dfrac{1-c}{d}。

(2)

(c) 已知 b=3b=3、c=−3c=-3 且 d>0d>0。

(i) 求 dd 的值。

(2)

(ii) 求 α2+β2+γ2\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2 的值。

(2)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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倒数的两根乘积为1,所以根的总乘积直接给出α,再用根和。

答题过程

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Since γ=1/β\gamma=1/\beta, we have βγ=1\beta\gamma=1. By Vieta’s formulae,

αβγ=−d,α=−d.\alpha\beta\gamma=-d, \qquad\alpha=-d.

Also α+β+γ=−b\alpha+\beta+\gamma=-b, so

−d+β+1β=−b.-d+\beta+\frac1\beta=-b.

Hence β+1β=d−b\boxed{\beta+\frac1\beta=d-b}, as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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用两两乘积和,再代入α=−d以及βγ=1。除以d合法,因为题目给出非零。

答题过程

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Vieta’s formula gives

αβ+βγ+γα=c.\alpha\beta+\beta\gamma+\gamma\alpha=c.

Substituting α=−d\alpha=-d and γ=1/β\gamma=1/\beta,

−dβ+1−dβ=c.-d\beta+1-\frac d\beta=c.

Since d≠0d\ne0, this rearranges to

β+1β=1−cd,\boxed{\beta+\frac1\beta=\frac{1-c}{d}},

as required.

(c)(i)

解法一

思路

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把前两小题表示同一根和的式子相等,再用d为正舍去负根。

答题过程

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Equating (a) and (b) with b=3b=3, c=−3c=-3,

d−3=4d,d2−3d−4=0.d-3=\frac4d, \qquad d^2-3d-4=0.

Thus (d−4)(d+1)=0(d-4)(d+1)=0. Since d>0d>0, d=4\boxed{d=4}.

(c)(ii)

解法一

思路

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平方和由根和与两两乘积和确定,不必分别求出三个根。

答题过程

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Let S1=α+β+γS_1=\alpha+\beta+\gamma and S2=α2+β2+γ2S_2=\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2. By Vieta’s formulae, S1=−bS_1=-b and αβ+βγ+γα=c\alpha\beta+\beta\gamma+\gamma\alpha=c. Hence

S2= S12−2c= b2−2c=9+6=15.\begin{align*} S_2=&\,S_1^2-2c\\[4mm] =&\,b^2-2c=9+6=\boxed{15}. \end{align*}