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CIE 9231 2022 June Paper 23 Q7

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2022 June Paper 23 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The variables xx and yy are related by the differential equation

4d2ydx2−y=3.4\frac{\mathrm{d}^2y}{\mathrm{d}x^2}-y=3.

It is given that, when x=0x=0, y=−3y=-3 and dydx=2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=2.

(a) Find yy in terms of xx.

(8)

(b) Deduce the exact value of xx for which y=0y=0. Give your answer in logarithmic form.

(3)
题目中文翻译

变量 xx 和 yy 满足微分方程

4d2ydx2−y=3.4\frac{\mathrm{d}^2y}{\mathrm{d}x^2}-y=3.

已知当 x=0x=0 时,y=−3y=-3 且 dydx=2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=2。

(a) 求 yy 关于 xx 的表达式。

(8)

(b) 由此推导出使 y=0y=0 的 xx 的精确值。将答案写成对数形式。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先求辅助方程的两个实根。右端为常数,试常数特解,再用两个初值求互补函数的系数。

答题过程

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The auxiliary equation 4m2−1=04m^2-1=0 gives m=±12m=\pm\frac12. A constant particular solution is −3-3, so the general solution is y=Aex/2+Be−x/2−3y=Ae^{x/2}+Be^{-x/2}-3. Differentiating gives y′=12Aex/2−12Be−x/2y'=\frac12Ae^{x/2}-\frac12Be^{-x/2}. The initial conditions give

A+B=0,12(A−B)=2.A+B=0,\qquad \frac12(A-B)=2.

Adding A+B=0A+B=0 and A−B=4A-B=4 gives 2A=42A=4, so A=2A=2 and B=−2B=-2. Therefore

y=2ex/2−2e−x/2−3=4sinh⁡(x/2)−3.y=2e^{x/2}-2e^{-x/2}-3=4\sinh(x/2)-3.

(b)

解法一

思路

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用 (a) 将 y=0y=0 化为双曲正弦方程,再将反双曲正弦写成对数。

答题过程

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The condition y=0y=0 gives sinh⁡(x/2)=3/4\sinh(x/2)=3/4. Hence

x2= arsinh⁡34= ln⁡(34+1+916)= ln⁡(34+54)=ln⁡2.\begin{align*} \frac x2=&\,\operatorname{arsinh}\frac34\\ =&\,\ln\bigg(\frac34+\sqrt{1+\frac9{16}}\bigg)\\ =&\,\ln\bigg(\frac34+\frac54\bigg)=\ln2. \end{align*}

Therefore x=ln⁡4\boxed{x=\ln4}.

解法二

思路

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也可令 w=ex/2>0w=e^{x/2}>0,把指数方程化成二次方程。只保留正根。

答题过程

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With w=ex/2w=e^{x/2}, the condition is 2w−2/w−3=02w-2/w-3=0. Multiplying by ww gives 2w2−3w−2=02w^2-3w-2=0, which factors as (w−2)(2w+1)=0(w-2)(2w+1)=0. Since w>0w>0, we have w=2w=2, hence x=2ln⁡2=ln⁡4x=2\ln2=\ln4.