The variables x and y are related by the differential equation
4dx2d2y−y=3.
It is given that, when x=0, y=−3 and dxdy=2.
(a) Find y in terms of x.
(8)
(b) Deduce the exact value of x for which y=0. Give your answer in logarithmic form.
(3)
题目中文翻译
变量 x 和 y 满足微分方程
4dx2d2y−y=3.
已知当 x=0 时,y=−3 且 dxdy=2。
(a) 求 y 关于 x 的表达式。
(8)
(b) 由此推导出使 y=0 的 x 的精确值。将答案写成对数形式。
(3)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
The auxiliary equation 4m2−1=0 gives m=±21. A constant particular solution is −3, so the general solution is y=Aex/2+Be−x/2−3. Differentiating gives y′=21Aex/2−21Be−x/2. The initial conditions give
A+B=0,21(A−B)=2.
Adding A+B=0 and A−B=4 gives 2A=4, so A=2 and B=−2. Therefore
y=2ex/2−2e−x/2−3=4sinh(x/2)−3.
(b)
解法一
思路
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用 (a) 将 y=0 化为双曲正弦方程,再将反双曲正弦写成对数。
答题过程
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The condition y=0 gives sinh(x/2)=3/4. Hence
2x===arsinh43ln(43+1+169)ln(43+45)=ln2.
Therefore x=ln4.
解法二
思路
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也可令 w=ex/2>0,把指数方程化成二次方程。只保留正根。
答题过程
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With w=ex/2, the condition is 2w−2/w−3=0. Multiplying by w gives 2w2−3w−2=0, which factors as (w−2)(2w+1)=0. Since w>0, we have w=2, hence x=2ln2=ln4.