题目
Problem
By considering the binomial expansions of (z+z1)4 and (z−z1)4, where z=cosθ+isinθ, use de Moivre’s theorem to show that
cot4θ=cos4θ−acos2θ+bcos4θ+acos2θ+b,
where a and b are integers to be determined.
(7)
题目中文翻译
通过考虑 (z+z1)4 和 (z−z1)4 的二项展开式,其中 z=cosθ+isinθ,用棣莫弗定理证明
cot4θ=cos4θ−acos2θ+bcos4θ+acos2θ+b,
其中 a 和 b 是待求的整数。
(7)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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z+z−1=2cosθ,而 z−z−1=2isinθ。将两者的四次方分别展开,配对正负指数,再取比值。
答题过程
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Since ∣z∣=1, z−1=cosθ−isinθ. Hence z+z−1=2cosθ and z−z−1=2isinθ. The two binomial expansions are
(z+z−1)4=(z−z−1)4=(z4+z−4)+4(z2+z−2)+6,(z4+z−4)−4(z2+z−2)+6.
By de Moivre’s theorem zk+z−k=2cos(kθ). The left-hand sides are 16cos4θ and 16sin4θ respectively, since i4=1. Thus
16cos4θ=16sin4θ=2cos4θ+8cos2θ+6,2cos4θ−8cos2θ+6.
Taking the ratio, when sinθ=0,
cot4θ=cos4θ−4cos2θ+3cos4θ+4cos2θ+3.
Thus a=4 and b=3.