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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 23 Q5

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 23 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

(a) Starting from the definitions of cosh⁡\cosh and sinh⁡\sinh in terms of exponentials, prove that

2cosh⁡2x=cosh⁡2x+1.2\cosh^2x=\cosh2x+1.
(3)

(b) Find the solution of the differential equation

dydx+2ytanh⁡x=1\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}+2y\tanh x=1

for which y=1y=1 when x=0x=0. Give your answer in the form y=f(x)y=\mathrm{f}(x).

(8)
题目中文翻译

(a) 从 cosh⁡\cosh 和 sinh⁡\sinh 的指数形式定义出发,证明

2cosh⁡2x=cosh⁡2x+1.2\cosh^2x=\cosh2x+1.
(3)

(b) 求微分方程

dydx+2ytanh⁡x=1\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}+2y\tanh x=1

满足当 x=0x=0 时 y=1y=1 的解。将答案写成 y=f(x)y=\mathrm{f}(x) 的形式。

(8)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

把 cosh⁡x\cosh x 写成指数和。平方展开后,将首尾两项合成 cosh⁡2x\cosh2x。

答题过程

展开

The definitions are cosh⁡x=(ex+e−x)/2\cosh x=(e^x+e^{-x})/2 and sinh⁡x=(ex−e−x)/2\sinh x=(e^x-e^{-x})/2. Therefore,

2cosh⁡2x= 12(ex+e−x)2= 12(e2x+e−2x)+1= cosh⁡2x+1.\begin{align*} 2\cosh^2x=&\,\frac12(e^x+e^{-x})^2\\ =&\,\frac12(e^{2x}+e^{-2x})+1\\ =&\,\cosh2x+1. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

由 2∫tanh⁡x dx=2ln⁡(cosh⁡x)+C2\int\tanh x\,\mathrm{d}x=2\ln(\cosh x)+C 得到积分因子 cosh⁡2x\cosh^2x。乘上后,用 (a) 积分。

答题过程

展开

The equation is linear in yy. Since (cosh⁡x)′=sinh⁡x(\cosh x)'=\sinh x and cosh⁡x>0\cosh x>0,

∫2tanh⁡x dx=2∫sinh⁡xcosh⁡x dx=2ln⁡(cosh⁡x)+C.\int2\tanh x\,\mathrm{d}x =2\int\frac{\sinh x}{\cosh x}\,\mathrm{d}x=2\ln(\cosh x)+C.

An integrating factor is e2ln⁡(cosh⁡x)=cosh⁡2xe^{2\ln(\cosh x)}=\cosh^2x. Multiplying by it gives

(ycosh⁡2x)′=cosh⁡2x.(y\cosh^2x)'=\cosh^2x.

Using (a),

∫cosh⁡2x dx= 12∫(cosh⁡2x+1) dx= 14sinh⁡2x+x2+C.\begin{align*} \int\cosh^2x\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\frac12\int(\cosh2x+1)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac14\sinh2x+\frac x2+C. \end{align*}

Therefore

ycosh⁡2x=14sinh⁡2x+x2+C.y\cosh^2x=\frac14\sinh2x+\frac x2+C.

At x=0x=0, y=1y=1 and cosh⁡x=1\cosh x=1, so C=1C=1. Hence

y=sech⁡2x(1+x2+14sinh⁡2x).y=\operatorname{sech}^2x\bigg(1+\frac x2+\frac14\sinh2x\bigg).