题目
Problem
(a) Starting from the definitions of cosh and sinh in terms of exponentials, prove that
2cosh2x=cosh2x+1.
(3)
(b) Find the solution of the differential equation
dxdy+2ytanhx=1
for which y=1 when x=0. Give your answer in the form y=f(x).
(8)
题目中文翻译
(a) 从 cosh 和 sinh 的指数形式定义出发,证明
2cosh2x=cosh2x+1.
(3)
(b) 求微分方程
dxdy+2ytanhx=1
满足当 x=0 时 y=1 的解。将答案写成 y=f(x) 的形式。
(8)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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把 coshx 写成指数和。平方展开后,将首尾两项合成 cosh2x。
答题过程
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The definitions are coshx=(ex+e−x)/2 and sinhx=(ex−e−x)/2. Therefore,
2cosh2x===21(ex+e−x)221(e2x+e−2x)+1cosh2x+1.
(b)
解法一
思路
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由 2∫tanhxdx=2ln(coshx)+C 得到积分因子 cosh2x。乘上后,用 (a) 积分。
答题过程
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The equation is linear in y. Since (coshx)′=sinhx and coshx>0,
∫2tanhxdx=2∫coshxsinhxdx=2ln(coshx)+C.
An integrating factor is e2ln(coshx)=cosh2x. Multiplying by it gives
(ycosh2x)′=cosh2x.
Using (a),
∫cosh2xdx==21∫(cosh2x+1)dx41sinh2x+2x+C.
Therefore
ycosh2x=41sinh2x+2x+C.
At x=0, y=1 and coshx=1, so C=1. Hence
y=sech2x(1+2x+41sinh2x).