题目
Problem
The diagram shows the curve with equation y=(1−x)2 for 0≤x≤1, together with a set of n rectangles of width n1.
(a) By considering the sum of the areas of these rectangles, show that ∫01(1−x)2dx<Un, where
Un=6n22n2+3n+1.
(5)
(b) Use a similar method to find, in terms of n, a lower bound Ln for ∫01(1−x)2dx.
(4)
(c) Show that n→∞lim(Un−Ln)=0.
(2)
题目中文翻译
图中显示了 0≤x≤1 时方程为 y=(1−x)2 的曲线,以及一组由 n 个宽为 n1 的矩形组成的图形。
(a) 通过考虑这些矩形的面积之和,证明 ∫01(1−x)2dx<Un,其中
Un=6n22n2+3n+1.
(5)
(b) 用类似的方法求 ∫01(1−x)2dx 的一个下界 Ln,用 n 表示。
(4)
(c) 证明 n→∞lim(Un−Ln)=0。
(2)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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曲线递减,题图的左端点矩形给出上界。把各矩形高度写成平方,从 n2 到 12 反向排列后即可用平方和公式。
答题过程
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The function f(x)=(1−x)2 is strictly decreasing on [0,1], so the left-endpoint rectangle sum is a strict upper bound. Its heights are 1,(1−1/n)2,(1−2/n)2,…,(2/n)2,(1/n)2, each with width 1/n. Using ∑j=1nj2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6, we obtain
Un====n1r=0∑n−1(1−nr)2n31j=1∑nj26n2(n+1)(2n+1)6n22n2+3n+1.
Thus ∫01(1−x)2dx<Un.
(b)
解法一
思路
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换用右端点,平方和改为从 02 加到 (n−1)2。递减性保证这一组矩形位于曲线下方。
答题过程
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The right-endpoint heights are (1−1/n)2,(1−2/n)2,(1−3/n)2,…,(1/n)2,0. They give the lower bound
Ln====n1r=1∑n(1−nr)2n31j=0∑n−1j26n3(n−1)n(2n−1)6n22n2−3n+1.
(c)
解法一
思路
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分母相同,分子只剩一次项之差。
答题过程
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We have
Un−Ln==6n2(2n2+3n+1)−(2n2−3n+1)6n26n=n1⟶0(n→∞).