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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 23 Q7

A Level / CIE / FP2

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 23 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The integral InI_n, where nn is an integer, is defined by In=∫043(1+x2)12n dxI_n=\displaystyle\int_0^{\frac{4}{3}}\big(1+x^2\big)^{\frac{1}{2}n}\,\mathrm{d}x.

(a) Find the exact value of I−1I_{-1} giving your answer in the form ln⁡a\ln a, where aa is an integer to be determined.

(2)

(b) By considering ddx(x(1+x2)12n)\dfrac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\big(x\big(1+x^2\big)^{\frac{1}{2}n}\big), or otherwise, show that

(n+1)In=nIn−2+43(53)n.(n+1)I_n=nI_{n-2}+\frac{4}{3}\bigg(\frac{5}{3}\bigg)^n.
(5)

(c) A curve has equation y=x2y=x^2, for 0≤x≤230\le x\le\frac{2}{3}. The arc length of the curve is denoted by ss.

Use the substitution u=2xu=2x to show that s=12I1s=\frac{1}{2}I_1 and find the exact value of ss.

(4)
题目中文翻译

积分 InI_n 定义为 In=∫043(1+x2)12n dxI_n=\displaystyle\int_0^{\frac{4}{3}}\big(1+x^2\big)^{\frac{1}{2}n}\,\mathrm{d}x,其中 nn 是整数。

(a) 求 I−1I_{-1} 的精确值,将答案写成 ln⁡a\ln a 的形式,其中 aa 是待求的整数。

(2)

(b) 通过考虑 ddx(x(1+x2)12n)\dfrac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\big(x\big(1+x^2\big)^{\frac{1}{2}n}\big),或用其他方法,证明

(n+1)In=nIn−2+43(53)n.(n+1)I_n=nI_{n-2}+\frac{4}{3}\bigg(\frac{5}{3}\bigg)^n.
(5)

(c) 曲线的方程为 y=x2y=x^2,其中 0≤x≤230\le x\le\frac{2}{3}。该曲线的弧长记为 ss。

用代换 u=2xu=2x 证明 s=12I1s=\frac{1}{2}I_1,并求 ss 的精确值。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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被积函数是反双曲正弦的导数。代入上下限,再将结果写成对数。

答题过程

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We obtain

I−1= [ln⁡(x+1+x2)]04/3= ln⁡(43+53)−ln⁡1=ln⁡3.\begin{align*} I_{-1}=&\,\big[\ln(x+\sqrt{1+x^2})\big]_0^{4/3}\\ =&\,\ln\bigg(\frac43+\frac53\bigg)-\ln1=\boxed{\ln3}. \end{align*}

Thus a=3a=3.

(b)

解法一

思路

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对题给乘积求导,再把 x2x^2 写成 (1+x2)−1(1+x^2)-1。代入上端点时,1+(4/3)2=5/3\sqrt{1+(4/3)^2}=5/3。

答题过程

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Differentiating and simplifying gives

ddx[x(1+x2)n/2]= (1+x2)n/2+nx2(1+x2)(n−2)/2= (n+1)(1+x2)n/2−n(1+x2)(n−2)/2.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\big[x(1+x^2)^{n/2}\big] =&\,(1+x^2)^{n/2}+nx^2(1+x^2)^{(n-2)/2}\\ =&\,(n+1)(1+x^2)^{n/2}-n(1+x^2)^{(n-2)/2}. \end{align*}

Integrating on [0,4/3][0,4/3], the boundary term is

[x(1+x2)n/2]04/3=43(259)n/2=43(53)n.\big[x(1+x^2)^{n/2}\big]_0^{4/3} =\frac43\bigg(\frac{25}{9}\bigg)^{n/2} =\frac43\bigg(\frac53\bigg)^n.

Thus

43(53)n=(n+1)In−nIn−2.\frac43\bigg(\frac53\bigg)^n=(n+1)I_n-nI_{n-2}.

Rearranging yields the stated recurrence.

(c)

解法一

思路

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弧长被积函数是 1+4x2\sqrt{1+4x^2}。令 u=2xu=2x 后可直接认出 I1I_1,再用 (a)、(b) 求值。

答题过程

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Using s=∫1+(y′)2 dxs=\int\sqrt{1+(y')^2}\,\mathrm{d}x, y′=2xy'=2x and u=2xu=2x, we have dx=du/2\mathrm{d}x=\mathrm{d}u/2 and limits u=0,4/3u=0,4/3. Hence

s= ∫02/31+4x2 dx= 12∫04/31+u2 du=12I1,\begin{align*} s=&\,\int_0^{2/3}\sqrt{1+4x^2}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac12\int_0^{4/3}\sqrt{1+u^2}\,\mathrm{d}u=\frac12I_1, \end{align*}

where u=2xu=2x. Setting n=1n=1 in (b) gives 2I1=I−1+2092I_1=I_{-1}+\frac{20}{9}. Therefore

s=14(ln⁡3+209)=14ln⁡3+59.s=\frac14\bigg(\ln3+\frac{20}{9}\bigg) =\boxed{\frac14\ln3+\frac59}.